Debt Is Every American s Favorite Word - 1294 Words

Debt is every American’s favorite word. In America, the population has accumulated $19.4 trillion in national debt, thus why it is the nation’s favorite word. The debt has been collecting significant value throughout the years between various school loans, credit card debt and much more ways to create debt. The average American family owes over $100,000 dollars to the government. Debt is typically created by the different loans needed in order to live in a highly developed country like America. Every loan received by an individual has an interest rate, which is a percent increase in a time frame. With increasing interest rates, debt is nearly impossible to escape. So, what causes debt? Careless financial decisions. Most debt accumulates in the early, substantial aspect of adulthood. The first decision adults are forced to make, even before they are considered an â€Å"adult†, is what is their plan after graduating high school. In a sense, millions of high-schoole rs every year are forced to decide how much debt they are willing to obtain. There are many options available for graduates such as; military, college, or going straight into the workforce. Unfortunately most individuals choose a college before determining their future finances. In the past 50 years, college tuition and costs have increased 15%. In 1975, a public four-year university tuition amount was $2,387 now in 2016, the cost for an in-state student is $9,410. Unless people have had college funds set since theyShow MoreRelatedDebt Is The Nation s Sensitive Concept1325 Words   |  6 PagesBuy is a favorable word in the American society, but with every comfortable word comes the least favorite word, debt. In America, the population has accumulated $19.4 trillion in national debt, thus explaining why it is the nation’s sensitive concept. The debt has been collecting significant value throughout the years between various school loans, credit card debt and many more ways to create debt. The average American family owes over $100,000 dollars to the government. Debt is typically createdRead MoreAmeric The Land Of The Free1637 Words   |  7 Pagesopportunities and freedoms that other countries will never get to experience. America has immigrants naturalized every year. People from these countries come to America to pursue the â€Å"land of the free†. In fact, in 2014, â€Å"654,949 people were naturalized.†1 America is also known around the world as the country that practices democracy. The word democracy originates from the two Greek words â€Å"demos† meaning â€Å"the people† and â€Å"Cratos† meaning â€Å"power.†2 Democracy allows the people to have the power in electingRead MoreThe Role of the Vietnam War on the 1960s1807 Words   |  7 PagesThe Vietnam War played a huge role in the 1960’s, over 50,000 people were killed, and the war began from a dispute from two colonies. Vietnam came apart along with Korea by an agreement of the north and the south. When John F Kennedy became president there were problems between Soviet Union and the United States. Cold war was getting worse and worse; President Eisenhower had to resolve the issues with berlin and Dictator Fidel Castro. These conflicts would eventually lead to a cordial resolutionRead MoreWilliam Mckinley s President Of The United States1388 Words   |  6 Pagesgoing to have a full recovery from being shot but he ended up with gangrene. Czolgosz last words consisted of, him saying he killed the president for the working class and he was not sorry for doing it. He had read that the King of Italy was killed for the same reason and wanted to do the same in America hoping to accomplish the same things there. His hatred towards McKinley for being an enemy of the American working class is ironic since McKinley supported a tariff on foreign goods in order to supportRead MoreGlobalization Is A Major Point Of Negativity1469 Words   |  6 Pageshave better education standards. While there many benefits to globalization that are making the world a better place, there are also numerous downsides to the process. The most notable downside especially seen in the United States is outsourcing. Americans today are losing thousands of well-paying jobs to overseas workers who work for little to nothing. Outsourcing is really felt in the city of Detroit. â€Å"Over the last 15 years, U.S. imperialism has forged a globally integrated cheap-labor manufacturingRead MoreLife in the 1950s compared to Today1979 Words   |  8 Pagesreceive a signal. Theres no turning back now. The only thing that will wipe it all out is a nuclear war, and personally, I think that North Korea is all talk, but thats another story. Technology is advancing at a pace faster than Haleys Comet. Every time I think I have the latest, greatest gadget on the planet, by the time I get it home, before its even opened, something better is being put on the same shelf that my gadget came from. The digit al age; break-neck pace at a reasonable price, instantRead MoreHersheys Strategic Paper6745 Words   |  27 Pagesknown mention of cocoa dates back to about 4000 years ago in the Amazon Forest. 1 The first clear use of cocoa was by the Mayan people in Mexico in the Sixth Century, where it was consumed as a cold, unsweetened beverage. The word chocolate actually comes from a Mayan word meaning â€Å"bitter water.† The cocoa pod symbolized life and fertility and was considered the god’s food. 2 When the Spanish invaded Mexico, they brought the seeds back home to Spain where new recipes were created. This began theRead MoreCultural Influences On Consumer Behavior4557 Words   |  19 Pagesdetermine whether they will save their money, purchase goods and services, or take on debt. Cultural Influences on Consumer Behavior Because a consumer’s culture exerts such a big influence on his or her lifestyle choices, marketers must learn as much as possible about differences in cultural norms and preferences when marketing in more than one country. Consumers around the world have eagerly adopted American products. In other cases, consumers are integrating Western products with existing culturalRead MoreThesis : The American Government3064 Words   |  13 PagesThesis: The American government, put under pressure from the Organization of American States, which promoted democracy, alliances, and healthy relations with Latin countries, was forced to recognize the dictator Trujillo’s human rights violations despite initially maintaining close relations with him. As Ulisis Heureaux, the Dominican dictator from 1888-1899, brought the Dominican Republic (DR) into tremendous debt by borrowing money and bonds from European countries such as Germany and France,Read MoreMichael Kors2075 Words   |  9 Pagesquite young, and he got his new name at age 5 when his mother married businessman Bill Kors. My mother said, â€Å"You’re getting a new last name, so why don’t you pick a new first name?† Kors said. He chose Michael as his first name and his second-favorite, David, as his middle name. His mother also allowed him to design her wedding dress. Kors, already a fashion addict, was thrilled with the prospect. He had two aims as a child, to be a movie star or a fashion designer. He describes himself not

Chinese Food Culture - 5877 Words

Chinese food culture Though there are many different schools, branches, regional variants, etc., of Chinese cooking, together they constitute what one might reasonably term Chinese Cooking, where Chinese Cooking is distinct from, say, Italian Cooking. A nations cooking culture reflects its food traditions, from the food-preparation and eating habits of the countryside to the food-preparation and eating habits of the city, notwithstanding the increasing introduction of foreign fare that is not only served in foreign restaurants in the city, but which today is also found in the freezer section of most supermarkets even in the countryside. In spite of these globalization tendencies, a large swath of any countrys population will†¦show more content†¦Other of these medicinal foodstuffs/ herbs are considered mildly toxic in other parts of the world, though their use in China does not seem to have caused alarm, which is of course what one would expect to have happened if they really were harmful. In sum, while Chinese Cooking combines several features that may be common to many other national cooking traditions, it embraces other features that set it distinctly apart from, for example, Italian Cooking. [pic] Chinese Medicinal food Medicinal food, loosely defined, is food that can be used for dietetic therapy. It may be mildly toxic in a raw state, but is de-toxified via cooking (many common edible mushrooms are mildly toxic in a raw state). With respect to the medicinal foods of China, there lies a large body of traditional medical knowledge and cooking experience behind their use - the medicine of medicinal foods draws on the attraction of food (most people enjoy eating!) while the food of medicinal foods supports the power of medicine and turns good medicine with a bitter taste into good medicine with a pleasant taste. Apart from its nutritional value, medicinal foods can also reduce the likelihood of - sometimes even cure - certain diseases, protect health, foster the maintenance of a good physique, etc., andShow MoreRelatedChinese Food : A Important Culture1776 Words   |  8 PagesIn China, food culture is a very important culture. A meal in Chinese culture is typically seen as consisting of two general components. One is rice, noodles, or buns. The other one is accompanying dishes, such as vegetables, fish, meat or other items. This is different from Western meals which meat or animal protein is often considered as the main dish. In fact, it is a harmony among grain, vegetable and meat. Chinese foods pay much attention on perfect harmony with the color, aroma, taste and shapeRead MoreComparing Chinese Food Culture And Western Diet Culture1617 Words   |  7 PagesComparison and comparison of Chinese food culture and Western diet culture. Student name: jeff wu(chuofu wu) Student ID: 13400334 Academic skill Preface This article will discuss the differences between Chinese and Western diet culture, diet culture has a very important role in the world culture. Because of the cultural differences between China and the west, they have different food and cultural differences, each country has its unique food culture, whether it is the concept orRead Moreï » ¿Differences between Chinese and American food culture956 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Differences between Chinese and American food culture The histories, boundaries, population, religions, politics, folks, economy of America and China are not the same, so the food culture of the two countries are not the same. Chinese culture starts from 1,700,000 years ago. When someone says something about Chinese food culture, they must praise the color, taste, smell, shape of the Chinese dish and the types of the dish. Most of people in China are used to have rice and wheat as theirRead MoreComparison Between Chinese and American Food Culture Essay1470 Words   |  6 Pages Comparison of Chinese and Western Food Culture Food is closely related to peoples lives and it is considered the most important element in Chinese culture. Chinese food is famous all over the world too. American Chinese cuisine differs significantly from the traditional Chinese cuisine and even though the variation in taste can be so it is still attractive to many people. When it comes to food, Chinese people always care about the color, taste, smell and shape of Chinese dishes. In 1784, aRead More How Food Habits Are Affected by Chinese Culture Essay3158 Words   |  13 PagesHow Food Habits Are Affected by Chinese Culture What is food? Food, as defined in Encyclopedia Britannica, is any material consisting essentially of protein, carbohydrate, and fat used in the body of an organism to maintain growth, repair, and life processes and to provide energy. â€Å"Food habits† are the ways which humans use food, including how food is obtained and stored, how food is prepared, how food is served and to whom, and how food is consumed (Foyan Sucher, 1995). Most animalsRead MoreShark Fin Soup : A Significant Part Of The Tradition Of Chinese Food Culture1320 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Shark fin soup is a significant part of the tradition of Chinese food culture. Shark fin has been considered as a precious delicacy since the Han Dynasty over 2200 years ago (Spiegel 2001:411). Cheung and Chang (2011:345) explains that shark fin is the symbol of wealth, good fortune, people’s taste and social status in China. â€Å"The consumption of luxury seafood in contemporary China is intertwined with broader historical trends† (Fabinyi 2012:83). Shark fin apparently has become a muchRead MoreThe Culture Influence on the Collectivism of Chinese Customers Behavior in the Fast-Food Industry3958 Words   |  16 Pages The Culture Influence on the Collectivism of Chinese Customers Behavior in the Fast-food Industry Yu Wang a, Changbo Shi a, Yalan Gu b, Yong Du c,* Tourism Management Cuisine School, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, P.R. China b School of Cross Cultural Communication, Newcastle University, United Kingdom c School of Computer Science Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, P.R. China a Abstract With the development of Chinese economy, the importance of Chinese marketRead MoreThe Culture Influence on the Collectivism of Chinese Customers Behavior in the Fast-Food Industry3949 Words   |  16 PagesSingapore The Culture Influence on the Collectivism of Chinese Customers Behavior in the Fast-food Industry Yu Wang a, Changbo Shi a, Yalan Gu b, Yong Du c,* Tourism Management Cuisine School, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, P.R. China b School of Cross Cultural Communication, Newcastle University, United Kingdom c School of Computer Science Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, P.R. China a Abstract With the development of Chinese economy, the importance of Chinese market isRead MoreA Brief Introduction for Chinese Culture1468 Words   |  6 Pagesintroduction for Chinese culture Cultural background China, as one of the four homes of the world’s earliest civilization, has a recorded history of nearly 4,000 years. Through centuries of migration, merging and development, it has formed a distinctive system of language, writing, philosophy, art and political organization, which came to be recognized as Chinese culture. It originated from Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasty, which was known as slave culture period. Xia culture representedRead MoreCross Cultural Communication : A Misunderstanding Of Communication1537 Words   |  7 Pagesdemonstrate how cross cultural communication can raise issues in a misunderstanding of communication amongst people from different cultures and backgrounds. It will identify situations based on theory and will examine a case study that will allow a more in depth explanation as to why and how communication is not universal. The main point is to describe the variances between the Chinese and New Zealand way of communicating through verbal and non verbal platforms. The first issue is the way in which Jackie

A geographical area where one or more languages are endangered. Free Essays

Introduction The geographic area that will be discussed in t his case study is Japan and the language that is endanger is Ainu language. The word Ainu means â€Å"human† in the Ainu language; Ezo, or Yezo, in old Japanese; or Utari, which is now called by many academics. The Ainu people, are ethnic group of native Hokkaido, from the northern part of Honshu which is in northern Japan, the Kurite Islands, much of Sakhalin, and the Southern most third of the Kamchatka peninsula. We will write a custom essay sample on A geographical area where one or more languages are endangered. or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although the accurate number of the Aniu population is not available, as it is common for the Ainu to deny being Ainu, due a long history of segregation by Japanese people. It is estimated that there are currently 23,782[1], although figures could be doubled or even tripled[2]. Thus there is an endangering decline in the Ainu population. The origin of the Ainu is very controversial as there is no existence of any written proof of Ainu language or where it originated. Moreover, the Japanese government does not distinguish the Ainu as separate people from the Japanese, which also makes it difficult to accurately state where it originated from and the current Ainu population. In addition, to the fact as stated above Ainu are reluctant to admit their indentify to prevent discrimination, from the Japanese government. The native are also knows as Ezo, and it is suggested that their history goes back to about 1200 CE. As like other primitive cultures throughout the world, the Ainu culture has encountered problems with the modern culture of Japan, it clashed to an extent that the Japanese government did not acknowledge and sought to eliminate it. The Ainu are know for their trading contact with the Japanese during the Tokugawa Period (from 1600-1868). They were originally a hunting-and-gathering society, who also focused on fishing. The Ainu culture is noticeably different from the Japanese, there are several unique customs, for example the men never trim their beards or shave after certain age, and the women have tattoos just above the mouth are common. The traditional religion is a type of animism, which symbolises their hunting and gathering nature. It is thought by many scholars that the Jomon are in fact the Ainu or at least descendents from the Jomon people. Studies conducted Ainu using DNA samples suggests there is a similarity between Jomon and Ainu.[3] Furthermore, it is also believed that there is a connection between Ainu and the Polynesians that they have a common origin and belong neither to the Caucasian nor to the Mongolian race, although they possess some characteristics of both the Ainu and the Polynesians had a common, ancient ancestry. There appear to be common cultural elements that have persisted despite the different influences the north has suffered. Studies have proven a strong resemblance between Philippines, Indonesia, and Melanesia and Ainu which is evident by the general culture, their clothing, handcraft, household implements, weapons, ornament, religious ceremony and cult suggests there is a strong link. Although there are indications that a large number of Ainu lived in the southern part of the Russian peninsula called Sakhalin, the northern part of Honshu on the main island of Japan called Tohoku, and the Kurile Islands, the main part however inhabited the Ainu is Hokkaido. The Ainu who lived in Russia were forced by the Russian government to move into Hokkaido, others who lived in Kurile Islands died as a consequence of poverty, bad conditions which eventually lead to diseases. Peter Geiser, who is a professor of Sociology, suggests that Ainu may have migrated from the south and reached Honshu. Mongoloid also migrated to Honshu from Korea, thus the Ainu and Mongols have mixed in blood, and so the Ainu may have Mongoloid characteristics. Also it is believed that Ainu ancestors may have also been placed in Southeast Asia. As a consequence of the discrimination and oppression suffered, the Ainu were not a group that were able to stuck together , as result divided to three groups: 1) the Kurile Ainu, who lived on the Kurile Islands in present-day eastern Russia; 2) Sakhalin Ainu, who were habitants of northern Sakhalin Island now known as eastern Russia; and 3) Hokkaido Ainu, who lived on Hokkaido and southern Sakhalin Island. Therefore there are three main dialects of the Ainu language; Hokkaido-dialect, Sakhalin-dialect, and Kurile-dialect there is a big difference between the Hokkaido-dialect and the other two dialects. None of these Ainu tribes have letters or characters; as a result there is no written record of the Ainu language available today. The Ainu language, culture customs and life is endangering of vanishing as, the population is rapidly diminishing as result of discrimination, which forced them to migrate. This resulted in the Ainu being forced to assimilate with the Japanese by the Former Aborigine Protection Law enacted in1899, which prohibited expressions of Ainu culture, native language and forced to take Japanese names. However, a law enacted in 1997 that gave the Ainu official status as Japan’s original inhabitants, recognized their language and culture and gave them the legal right to be different changed this. From then on the Ainu were recognised by the Japanese government the Ainu the language was acknowledge as the language of aboriginal Japanese people on Hokkaido Island, north of Japan. Separate from the Japanese language, however spoken before Japanese, which in some ways is a modern version of the Ainu language. Although, there is an acceptance of the language it is still significantly in decli ne as currently almost all of the Ainu speak Japanese. Ainu is an endangered language, as it is currently moribund, meaning that there are not many children who are native speaker as it is not taught in schools .It has been estimated that there are currently fewer than 100 speakers of Ainu. However, there is an internal movement for the revival of the Ainu language, which denied there is a decline in the number of native Ainu people, which led to the Ainu’s increased marginalization. Only recently, on June 6, 2008, did the Japanese officially recognize the Ainu as an indigenous group and repeal the act of 1899. Even so the Ainu is an almost extinct language of Japan. It is thought to have been the language of the ancient Jomon culture. It is further believed that the Jomon Continued to be practiced by people who fled from the invading pressures to have become the Ainu language eventually. In the process, the old Japanese would have adopted some of the Jomon traditions, such as place names, person names, stories and expressions. Biological studies also suggest that the Ainu people are closer to the people who form European nations. Linguistically, the Ainu language has similar syntax structure to Japanese, but differs in the use of pronouns used as verbal prefixes. It is considered by some linguists that the Ainu language is a distant family of the Finno-Ugric subgroup of Ural-Altaic language group. There are studies suggest that the Ainu people are probably a branch of a group of people who originally came from the North Ural mountains, and spread from Finland to Northeast Siberia between 700 BC to 700 AD[4]. This is from the cultural religious similarity found in old ruins, but culture can be transferred by contact of people, so the origin of Ainu people is still not known for sure. However, until the twentieth century, Ainu language was also spoken during the Southern half of the Island of Sakhalin also minor people in the Kuril Islands. It became used as a lingua franca in the Kuril Islands. However, by the first decade of the twentieth century the language ceased to be spoken on Kuril Island, it was only spoken on the Sakhalin island as a lingua franca between the local language and also between the local administrative and Japanese fishing industries. However, the language gradually started to disappear, in 1949 there was only 100 reported speaker in Sakhalin island which by the late twentieth century the last remaining speaker of the Sakhalin island had died. Furthermore, Ainu language in global context was no usually accepted in part with any other family language. However, Ainu is an isolated language as history suggests it is language from a group that has never need accepted in society, which is one of the reasons why it is difficult to state their origins, as it was almost a taboo to speak the language. Thus the reason why it is concerned an isolated language. According toJohn C. Street (1962), Ainu, Korean, and Japanese are the same descendants and Turkic, Mongolic, and Tunngusic other group, the difference between the two families is like in a common â€Å"North Asiatic family†. However, Ainu is a declining language, and has been endangered for at least the past few decades. The Ainu language is known as a moribund language, which has been endangered for at last a few decades. The remaining 25,000 ethnic Ainu only speak Japanese as a consequence of the assimilation. In the town of Nibutani (part of Biratori, Hokkaid) where there is remaining native speakers live, there are 100 speakers, out of which only 15 used the language every day in the late 1980s. However, use of the language is on the rise. There is currently an active movement to reinstate the language mainly in Hokkaid and to increase the number of speakers as second-language learners, especially in Hokkaid. There is no doubt the Aniu language has over time suffered enormous decline, what sociolinguists refer as a language shift[5]. As a consequence of the discrimination the Ainu’s people suffered especially at the hands of the Japanese, although to a certain extent there has been attempts to ratify through the activism of the Ainu people in 1986, which was a result of the statement made by the Japanese prime minister that the Japanese people are mono-ethnic. This provided members of the Ainu association with the will power to fight to have their rights legalise and to have their own language. However, it is doubtful as to the exact number of Ainu speaker today, as stated above much still fear discrimination and still is reluctant to say they are Ainu. The Law stated above was aimed at preservation and maintain of Ainu language and culture was published in 1997. In theory it is still a declining language, customs, even though they have been legally recognized the Japanese government is still reluctant to recognize Ainu’s right to be Ainu and prohibit the existence of Ainu language and culture from being discriminated. Presently in Japan there are many centres, foundations and societies devoted to reinstating and promoting of Ainu language and Ainu culture, but all they are just half measures, as all they do is provide awareness of the language. They do not deal with the fact that the language is significantly declining this something that only autonomy resolve this problem. It is time for the Japanese and the Russians to accept their links to the Ainu and to no longer see them as an â€Å"inconvenient† for Japanese colonization as well as for Russian. Although, there is a significant decline to the point that the language is considered endangered it should not be forgotten that the Ainu still exist and they have much more rights to be the owner of so-called â€Å"northern territories† and should no longer be oppressed and ashamed to be a Ainu. The answer to this may lay in the ‘Northern territories being handed back to the Ainu as only then will they have a sense of belonging, which in term will prevent them from being oppressed and ashamed. Bibliography Books Mark Janse – (2003) Current issues in linguist theory, language death, and language maintenance – Benjamin publishing Llc Books (2010)|Endangered Unclassified Languages: Ainu Language, Yukaghir Languages, Kwaza Language, Ongota- general publisher Fishman, Joshua A. 1991. Reversing Language Shift. Theoretical and Empirical Foundations of Assistance to Threatened Languages. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters. Shibatani, M. 1990, The Languages of Japan, Cambridge University Press, †¦ Volumes 4-5 p.155 Journals Chew, John J. â€Å"The Significance of Geography in Understanding the Relationship of Japanese to other Languages.† In Irmela Hijiya-Kirschnereit and Jurgen Stalph, eds. Bruno Lewin zu ehren: Festschrift aus Anlass seines 65. Geburtstages, Band I Japan: Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaftliche Beitrage. Bochum: Universitatsverlag Dr. N. Brockmeyer, 1989. Maher and Yashiro (eds.) Multilingual Japan, (pp. 103_124). †¦.. Zentella, A.C. (1995) ‘Towards an anthropolitical linguistic perspective on language shift and †¦ International Journal of Bilingualism, Vol.1, Number 1, 81-10 Online resources: www.factanddetails.com http://users.tmok.com/~tumble/jpp/japor.html www.japantimes.co.jp How to cite A geographical area where one or more languages are endangered., Essay examples

Adoption in Sociology Research paper free essay sample

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to inform the reader of the sociological studies on how adopted children are prejudged and how they can fit into society. It also discusses the difference within the family dynamic. It presents facts and statistics or our current adoption system and suggests ways on which to fix it. Adoption I decided on adoption as my topic because it’s a topic that’s very close to me. Being adopted, this research paper gave me the perfect opportunity to learn about the sociological effects adoption has on children and their adoptive/birth parents. The problem is, there is not enough adoptive parents for the parentless children. This is because regulations for adoption have gotten to strict for in country and out. This is a significant topic due to the amount of children in foster care. This is not only bad for our economy but our society as a whole. Adoption is an ancient arrangement. It has been around forever. Not only is it spoken of in the Bible, but Greeks, Romans, Egyptians and Babylonians all had adoption systems. The concept of adoption was not legally recognized in the United States of America until the 1850’s For my paper, I dove into five main types of adoption. The first being foster care adoption. Foster care adoption is where the state cares for them when reunification with their birth parents is not feasible for safety or other reasons. The second is private adoption. Private adoption is through an agency/independent network where there is no contact between the child and birth parents. The third is open adoption. Open adoption is also through an agency/independent network but the birth parents can plan visits, receive pictures, write letters, and send gifts to their child. The fourth is inter-country adoption. Inter country adoption is the adoption of children from other countries by U. S. citizens. The final type of adoption I decided to study is transracial adoption. This is the adoption of a child of a different race from the adopting parents. The Sociological Studies In the United States, the traditional family co-exists with alternate family forms such as the adoptive family where kinship is completely based on a legal relationship as opposed to a biological one. Many studies have been done on the psychological, legal, and ethical issues surrounding adoption. The first study on adoption was done in 1924 in New York and was called How Foster Children Turn Out; Social Adaption. This study questioned how many subjects (adopted children) were capable or incapable of social adaption. The distribution of subjects whose capability was known was six hundred and fifteen or 77. 2% of the 797 subjects whose general ability was known as â€Å"capable† persons. They proved themselves able to manage their own affairs with average common sense, to keep pace economically with their neighbors, and to earn the respect and good will of their communities. In other words, these subjects have â€Å"made good. † One hundred and eighty-two or 22. 8%, are rated â€Å"incapable†. For one reason or another they did not get on. Some of them have mental or physical handicaps which interfered with their ability to get along without help and protection. Others have qualities of resourcefulness, energy and foresight to so slight a degree that they could not keep their footing if thrown on their own. Still others have demonstrated their inability or their unwillingness to conform to accepted standards of morality or order. The next major study on how adopted kids adapt was done in 1964. This was Kirks path breaking study of adoption which was called Shared Fate: A Theory of Adoption and Mental Health. His study demonstrated the existence of disparaging community attitudes and stigmas toward adopted children. In 1997, the first large scale study of community attitudes toward adoption as a social institution in the U. S was conducted and it showed many stigmas which were attached to adopted kids. A total of 30% of those asked questioned the mental state of the adopted children and only 32% of the respondents expressed support for adoption. Overall, adoption has been considered to be the second best family. Uncommon to popular belief, a study done in 1994 showed that adopted kids have the same, if not better, attachment to their parents as biological kids do. Adopted children scored higher on identity measures, such as self esteem, than there non-adopted peers. A study done in 2008 called The Power of Adoption: BIRTHright or birthright says, â€Å"Adoption involves symbols, not biology. Symboled adoption cant extensively, directly influence biological factors but can have a significant impact upon the meaning of biology. Symboled factors can have a significant indirect influence. The impact of meaning is illustrated in birthright patterns in which the consequences stem for the rights not directly from the birth. † Community attitudes toward adoption have been shaped by the social stigmatism of children born out of wed lock, their biological parents, and derogative attitudes towards infertility. Fortunately, the social acceptance of out of wed lock births has increased since the 1960’s and the attitudes toward unwed mothers have become more lenient. Statistics and Micro/Macro Analysis Sadly, the number of adoptions has declined since 1970. About 100,000 children go unadopted each year. The number of foreign children adopted by Americans has also dropped for the third year in a row. Figures for the 2007 fiscal year, provided by the State Department, showed that adoptions from abroad have fallen to 19,411, down about 15 percent in just two years. Individual adoptions are micro in nature. They only affect the families involved. However, the general process (legalization, laws, etc) of adoption is macro because it allows mothers an option for their children and allows childless couples the opportunity to have children if they are unable. These things can affect laws, economics, and religious institutions. On a micro level, there are 280 children available for adoption in Colorado, whereas on a macro level, in the U. S. , there are 423,000 children living without permanent families. On an even bigger scale, there is an estimated 163 million orphans in the world. Most of the children in public child welfare systems range in age from 2 to 18. With abuse, neglect, or other family issues prevent them from living with their birth parents. Some of these children may be referred to as having special needs because they are 5 years of age or older, part of sibling group who must be placed together, are African American or Hispanic, have developmental disabilities, or have other physical, mental, or emotional disabilities. Nearly 40% of these children will wait over three years in foster care before being adopted. Each year, over 29,000 youth â€Å"age out† of foster care. This means they turn 18 and leave the system and have to support themselves. Sadly, most don’t have the emotional or financial support necessary to succed. Nearly 25% of youth aging out did not have a high school diploma or GED, and a mere 6% had finished a two- or four-year degree after aging out of foster care. One study shows 70% of all youth in foster care have the desire to attend college. But without the help of a parent, they never get the opportunity. Sociological Perspectives From a structural-functionalism perspective, the function of adoption is necessary to provide kids who don’t have a good home life and parents who are unable to have children the chance to have a family, although, adoption would be viewed as part of a dysfunctional family structure. They believe that when there is a disparity in the social institution, it’s considered a deviation and therefore to be dysfunctional. The label of dysfunctional has little to do with psychological harm to individuals and instead it refers to a failure of families to meet the functional needs of society as a whole. According to the structural functional theory, parents with adopted children, regardless of their parenting skills, are by definition dysfunctional. While the conflict theory mostly focuses on how parents are more likely to adopt children of the same race as them. This is true. The amount of transracial adoptions are neary 1 in 5 compared to same race adoption. The symbolic interactionist perspective helps us understand what happens in the process of family creation. In order to function as a family, all family members have to be adopted. In marriage, a male and a female typically adopt each other as family, or spouse, so that from the two persons, one family can be created. The adoption process is reciprocal in that each is both an adopter and adoptee at the same time. We jointly create family entity. The meaning is shared by both spouses. Each individual must also label themselves as a family member or as a spouse. Global Perspective In some parts of the world, adopted children are still frowned upon. For example, in Nigeria, adoptees most times are engulfed with shame because of the feelings of rejection and abandonment that exist in their minds. They feel that they dont belong to the existing class when their real parents are not there for them and they have been given up for adoption. Additionally, most times segregation takes place between an adoptee and other children and this can lead to the adoptee being bullied. In Nigeria, they also have very different laws regarding adoption. Instead of government organizations, they have non-governmental organizations and other capable groups that are responsible for providing a good life for adoptees. They make sure the children are taken care of and make sure they are given to trusted, matured, and kind hearted adoptive parents. The policy for adoption in that country says, the adoptive parents must be at least 25 years of age and 21 years older than the child. Conclusion While adoption is still a pressing topic, the government seems not to care. While the amount of kids entering foster care and the amount of kids being adopted, you’d think they’d get a clue to lessen the requirements and hardships of adoption. Until they do, I doubt the number of adoptions will increase. On the bright side, the social stigmas attatched to adopted children in the U. S. are slowly disappearing and have gone from taboo to acceptable.