Psychology Ch 6 Answer to Study Guide

Chapter 6: 1. From an operant conditioning perspective, it is important for parents to â€Å"catch kids being good† and praise them. In operant condition we learn based on the action and consequence. For example, parents tell their kids to clean their room. Then when they clean up their room, we give them candy or money. Another example would be when parents see their children or pets doing something good without having to tell them, in result they reward them. Children will soon do it all the time on their own. This is so difficult to do because after a while they will always expect a reward or praise after doing something good. 2.A normal fear of mines our be my fear of dogs. I consider it a normal fear because my neighbor use to always get a pit-bull and they would always get loose whenever he wasn’t at home. So we couldn’t go outside or do anything fun. For example, one day we miss school one morning because the dog was loose and my sister and I was afraid it would attack us. A fear of mines that I think is a phobia is Arachnophobia and Astraphobia. The fear of spiders and lightning. I really don't remember how I develop these fears, but every time I see a spider I run the opposite direction. When it lightning I do not go outside or in a room with lots of windows.However, I do remember how I develop my fear of dogs. When I was little my grandmother use to say if you be bad that dog is going to bit you. At this time my uncle was staying with my grandmother and he had two big dogs that was supposal harmless. 3. I agree that all this talk about the negative effects of violence on TV and in video games is an over reaction. Parents should monitor what their children are expose to. Simply, because the violence they see can lead some people to think and believe that its okay do the same thing in real life. The video games that they play only make them more curious.For example, my mom would tell us not to disobey my grandmother while she was wa y at work. So my sister and brother would wait until our grandma would fall asleep to watch what we wanted to. My mother had told us not to watch so much TV, because most of the TV shows had violence and a lot of other things she didn’t want us to be watching or hear. So my brother decided not to listen and watch and practice what he saw on tv. On day my mother caught him practicing what he saw and hear. Chapter 11 Journal 4. The most dominant part of my personality is my ego. The ego because based on Freud examples in the book and his explanation.Pushing myself to do something like the ID. Instead of, feeling guilty and tell myself not to think of it anymore. Um like the ego, always have a plan in case something goes wrong. Especially when I do something wrong. I mostly experience neurotic anxiety, according to Freud. Freud Wald says, I develop neurotic anxiety when my id gets out of control and my ego cant help it. I have no control over my id. 5. One time I was babysitting my two little cousin. I knew I wasn’t suppose to take them out and let them watch a scary movie. I figure they was already sick and it saw very cold outside and raining.In this situation I used my id and developed moral anxiety. After that they had caught pneumonias and I felt really guilty. Behaviorist would new this event as an experience and next time I would do it again. 6. The behaviorist and social learning theories is the theory of personality from this chapter that better explain my personality. I say this because their behavior is determine. Our personality structure is based on habits and expectances and our barriers to personal growth is an maladaptive habits, and unhealthy environment. Chapter 13 Journal: 1. If I was suffering from a major depression, I would consider taking an anti-depression.Because I would like to feel normal, and not so depress all the time. Plus, major depression can create suicide thoughts. Yes, if I was a diabetic or having a heart or live r problems. I would take medications for these conditions. I really don’t know about this one but probably because the others issues can cause more serious problems and we wouldn’t really know when our brains are broken. 2. Yes, we can expect that the incidence of schizophrenia to risk. I say this because according to the book, it says that one of the cause of schizophrenia environment.In environment, the problem is the victim has been expose to violence, sexual abuse, death, divorce, separation. Which mostly comes from dysfunctional families. But not everyone that are exposed to these living conditions will be schizophrenia. 3. I feel that it is a good idea to force mentally ill homeless people into an institutional setting and treat them for their own good even if they refused the treatment. Simply because they can hurt themselves and others around them. No one should want or let someone who post a harm to themselves and others around them to wondering around.

Strategy and Operations Revision

Introduction to Strategy and Operations Management| Operations Strategy| Product Design| Process Design| Supply Networks| Layout and Flow| Scientific Management and Job Design| Introduction to Quality – A Choice Paradigm| Operationalizing Strategy| Review and Examination Preparation| Operations Strategy Strategic decisions Widespread in their effect, define the position of the organisation relative to its environment and move the organisation closer to its long term goals * A strategy has content and process Operations is not the same as operational * Operations – resources that create products and services * Operational – opposite of strategic. Day-to-day and detailed Content and Process * Content – specific decisions and actions * Process – method that is used to make the specific ‘content’ decisions 4 Perspectives Top Down – the influence of the corporate or business strategy on operations decisions * Bottom-up – the in fluence of operational experience on operations decisions * Market requirements – the performance objectives that reflect the market position of an operations products or service, also a perspective on operations strategy * Operations resource capabilities – the inherent ability of operations processes and resources; also a perspective on operations strategy. Products * Tangible Are used after purchase Services * Intangible * Used at the time of delivery TOP DOWN PERSPECTIVE Views strategic decisions at a number of levels Corporate strategy – the strategic positioning of a corporation and the businesses with it Business strategy – the strategic positioning of a business in relation to its customers, markets and competitors, a subset of corporate strategy Functional strategy – the overall direction and role of a function within the business; a subset of business strategy BOTTOM UP PRESPECTIVE Sees overall strategy as emerging from day-to-day operational experience Emergent strategy – a strategy that is gradually shaped over time and based on experience rather than theoretical positioning MARKET REQUIREMENTS PERSPECTIVE -Satisfy the requirements of the market Competitive factors – the factors such as delivery time, product or service specification, price etc. hat define customers’ requirements Order-winning factors – the arrangement of resources that are devoted to the production and delivery of products and services Qualifying factors – aspects of competitiveness where the operation’s performance has to be above a particular level to be considered by the customer Less important factors – competitive factors that are neither order winning nor qualifying, performance in them does not significantly affect the competitive position of an operation Product/service life cycle – a generalized model of t he behaviour of both customers and competitors during the life of a product or service; it is generally held to have four stages, introduction, growth, maturity and decline. OPERATIONS RESOURCES PERSPECTIVE Resource-based view (RBS) – the perspective on strategy that stresses the importance of capabilities (sometimes known as core competences) in determining sustainable competitive advantage. Intangible resources – the resources within an operation that are not immediately evident or tangible, such as relationships with suppliers and customers, process knowledge, new product and service development. PROCESS OF OPERATIONS STRATEGY Process – procedures which are, or can be, used to formulate those operations strategies which the org. should adopt. IMPLEMENTATION 5 P’s of operations strategy formulation * Purpose * Point of entry * Process * Project management * Participation TRADE-OFFS The extent to which improvements in one performance objective can be achieved by sacrificing performance in others. PROCESS OF OPERATIONS STRATEGY GUIDES THE TRADE OFFS B/W PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES Operations strategy – Should address the relative priority of the operation’s performance objectives * Influences the trade-offs b/w an operation’s performance EFFICIENT FRONTIER Like in economics – convex line. Useful approach to articulating trade-of fs and distinguishes b/w repositioning performance on the efficient frontier and improving performance by overcoming trade-offs. FOCUS AND TRADE-OFFS Operations focus – dedicating each operation to a limited, concise, manageable set of objectives, products, technologies or markets, then structuring policies and support services so they focus on one explicit task rather than on a variety of inconsistent or conflicting tasks. Operation-within-an-operation – allows an org. to accrue the benefits of focus without the considerable expensive of setting up independent operations. Design DESIGN ACTIVITY To conceive looks, arrangement and workings of something before it is constructed. Happens before construction. PROCESS DESIGN AND PRODUCT/SERVICE DESIGN ARE INTERREALTED Treated separately but are interrelated. Process design and product/service design should be considered together PROCESS DESIGN OBJECTIVES Point of process design is to make sure that the performance of the process is appropriate for whatever it is trying to achieve. Process design should reflect process objectives Micro’ performance flow objectives are used to describe flow performance: * Throughput rate – rate which units emerge from the process * Throughput time – the time for a unit to move through a process * Work in process – number of units in the process is an average over a period of time * Utilizatio n- the ratio of the actual output from a process or facility to its design capacity ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE DESIGN Life cycle analysis – a technique that analyses all the production inputs, life cycle use of a product and its final disposal in terms of total energy used and wastes emitted. PROCESS TYPES – THE VOLUME VARIETY EFFECT ON PROCESS DESIGN High volume = food canning factory Low volume = major project consulting engineers Low variety = electricity utility High variety = architects practice Low volume – high variety and vice versa Volume variety positions PROCESS TYPES Process types – terms that are used to describe a particular general approach to managing processes In manufacturing these are generally held to be project, jobbing, batch, mass and continuous processes, In services they are held to be professional services, service shops and mass services PROJECT PROCESSES – processes that deal with discrete, usually highly customized, products. JOBBING PROCESSES – processes that deal with high variety and low volumes, although there may be some repetition of flow and activities. BATCH PROCESSES – processes that treat batches of products together, and where each batch has its own process route. MASS PROCESSES – processes that produce goods in high volume and relatively low variety CONTINUOUS PROCESSES – processes that are high volume and low variety; usually products made on continuous process are produced in an endless flow, such as petrochemicals or electricity. PROFESSIONAL SERVICES – service processes that are devoted to producing knowledge-based or advice-based services, usually involving high customer contact and high customisation, examples include management consultants, lawyers, architects etc. SERVICE SHOPS – service processes that are positioned between professional services and mass services, usually with medium levels of volume and customization. MASS SERVICES – service processes that have a high number of transactions, often involving limited customization, for example mass transportation services, call centres etc. PRODUCT-PROCESS MATRIX A model derived by Hayes and Wheelwright that demonstrates that natural fit between volume and variety of products and services produced by an operation on one hand, and the process type used to produce products and services on the other. Natural diagonal – most operations stick to this. PROCESS MAPPING Describing the processes in terms of how the activities within the process relate to each other (aka process blueprinting or process analysis) PROCESS MAPPING SYMBOLS PMS – The symbols that are used to classify different types of activity; they usually derive either from scientific management or information systems flow charting High-level process mapping – an aggregated process map that shows broad activities rather than detailed activities THROUGHOUT, CYCLE TIME AND WORK IN PROCESS Work content – the total amount of work required to produce a unit of output, usually measured in standard times Throughput time – the time for a unit to move through a process Cycle time – average time b/w units of output emerging from a process Work-in-process – number of units within a process waiting to be process further LITTLES LAW Throughput time = work-in process x cycle time THROUGHPUT EFFICIENCY % Throughput efficiency = (work content/throughput time) x 100 PRODUCT AND SERVICE DESIGN WHY IS DESIGN IMPORTANT? -Enhances profitability WHAT IS DESIGNED? * Concept – outline specification including nature, use and value of p/s * Package – Core p/s – fundamental to the purchase and could not be removed without destroying nature of the package * Supporting p/s – Enhance the core * Process – designing a way in which the ‘ingredients’ will be created and delivered to customer DESIGN ACTIVITY IS ITSELF A PROCE SS -The design activity is one of the most important operations processes -Producing designs for products is itself a process STAGES OF DESIGN 1. Concept generation – a stage in the product and service design process that formalizes the underlying idea behind a product or service 2. Screening – to see if they will be a sensible addition to its p/s portfolio 3. Evaluation and improvement – can it be served better, more cheaply, more easily? 4. Prototyping and final design CONCEPT GENERATION IDEAS FOR CUSTOMERS -Marketing – focus groups etc. LISTENING TO CUSTOMERS -Complaints –suggestions IDEAS FROM COMPETITORS Reverse engineering – the deconstruction of a p/s in order to understand how it has been produced IDEAS FROM STAFF Know what customers like etc. IDEAS FROM RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT R&D – the function in the org. that develops new knowledge and ideas and operationalizes the ideas to form the underlying knowledge on which p/s and process design are based. CONCEPT SCREENING Assessing the worth or value of each design option, so a choice can be made. * Design criteria – 3 broad categories of design criteria† 1. Feasibility – the ability of an operation to produce a process, product or service 2. Acceptability – the attractiveness to the operation of a p/s 3. Vulnerability – the risks taken by the operation in adopting a process, p or s THE DESIGN ‘FUNNEL’ A model that depicts the design process as the progressive reduction of design options from many alternatives down to the final design. PRELIMINARY DESIGN SPECIFYING THE COMPONENTS OF THE PACKAGE Component structure – diagram that shows the constituent component parts of a product or service package and the order in which the component parts are brought together (aka components structure) REDUCING DESIGN COMPLEXITY Simplicity is a virtue STANDARDIZATION The degree to which processes, products or services are prevented from varying over time COMMONALITY The degree to which a range of p/s incorporate identical components (aka parts commonality) If multiple p/s are based on common components, the less complex it is to produce them MODULARIZATION The use of standardized sub-components of a p/s that can be put together in different ways to create a high degree of variety. I. e. Art attack. Many languages, 60% scenes the same DEFINING THE PROCESS TO CREATE THE PACKAGE Examine how a process could put together the various components to create the final p/s. DESIGN EVALUATION AND IMPROVEMENT See if preliminary design can be improved before the p/s is tested in the market. Many techniques (3 main ones): 1. QUALITY FUNCTION DEPLOYMENT A technique used to ensure that the eventual design of a p/s actually meets the needs of its customers. QFD matrix – how company sees relationship b/w requirements of customer and the design characteristics of p/s 2. VALUE ENGINEERING An approach to cost reduction in product design that examines the purpose of a p/s, its basic functions and its secondary functions. 3. TAGUCHI METHODS A design technique that uses design combinations to test the robustness of a design I. e. Telephone – should still work when has been knocked over. Pizza shop – cope with rush of customers PROTOTYPING AND FINAL DESIGN Prototype can be clay model, simulations etc. Virtual prototype –a computer based model of a p/p/s that can be tested for its characteristics before the actual p/p/s is produced Computer-aided design (CAD) – a system that provides the computer ability to create and modify p/p/s drawings BENEFITS OF INTERACTIVE DESIGN Interactive design – the idea that the design of p/s on one hand, and the processes that create them on the other, should be integrated Can shorten time to market SIMULTANEOUS DEVELOPMENT Sequential approach to design – one stage completed before another is started * Easy to manage and control * Time consuming and costly Simultaneous/concurrent approach to design – overlapping these stages in the design process so that one stage in the design activity can start before the preceding stage is finished, the intention being to shorten time to market and save design cost PROJECT-BASED ORGANIZATION STRUCTURES Functional design organization Product design organization Range of org. structures = Pure functional to pure project forms. Task force Matrix organization LAYOUT AND FLOW WHAT IS LAYOUT? -How its transforming resources are positioned relative to each other and how its various tasks are allocated to these transforming resources. – Layout decision is relatively infrequent but important What makes a good layout? – Inherent safety – Length of flow – Clarity of flow – Staff conditions – Management coordination – Accessibility – Use of space – Long-term flexibility – Layout is influenced by process types BASIC LAYOUT TYPES 4 basic layout types: FIXED-POSITION LAYOUT -Locating the position of a product or service such that it remains largely stationary, while transforming resources are moved to and from it I. e. Motorway construction, open-heart surgery (patients too delicate to be moved). FUNCTIONAL LAYOUT * Conforms to the needs and convenience of the functions performed by the transforming resources which constitute the processes. Similar resources or processes are located together * I. e. Hospitals, supermarket CELL LAYOUT * Transformed resources entering the operation are pre-selected to move to one part of the operation in which all the transforming resources, to meet their immediate processing needs, are located. * I. e. Maternity unit in a hospital, lunch products in a supermarket * Shop-within-a-shop – display area selling specific thing. I. e. sports shop – sports books, sports shoes, etc. PRODUCT LAYOUT Line layout – a more descriptive term for what is technically product layou t Involves locating the transforming resources entirely for the convenience of the transformed resources. I. e. Automobile assembly Self-service cafeteria – sequence of customer requirements (starter, main, dessert, drink) is common to all customers, but layout also helps control flow of customers. MIXED LAYOUTS Combination of layouts I. e. 1 kitchen serving 3 restaurants (cafeteria, buffet and sit down) VOLUME-VARIETY AND LAYOUT TYPE -The volume and variety characteristics of an operation will influence its layout – When volume is low and variety high, flow is not a problem SELECTING A LAYOUT TYPE -Volume-variety characteristics narrow down choice -Influenced by understanding advantages and disadvantages (see p198) – Cost implications DETAILED DESIGN OF THE LAYOUT DETAILED DESIGN IN FIXED POSITION LAYOUT Location of resources based on the convenience of transforming resources themselves. DETAILED DESIGN IN FUNCTIONAL LAYOUT Combinatorial complexity – the idea that many different ways of processing products and services at many different locations or points in time combine to result in an exceptionally large number of feasible options; the term is often used in facilities layout and scheduling to justify non-optimal solutions Flow record chart – a diagram used in layout to record the flow of products or services between facilities Relationship chart – a diagram used in layout to summarize the relative desirability of facilities to be close to each other.

The Ethical Views of Socrates found in the Euthyphro and in The Crito Personal Statement

The Ethical Views of Socrates found in the Euthyphro and in The Crito - Personal Statement Example This is a section of philosophy involving systematic defending, and concepts of recommending of the wrong and right behaviour. A reasonable, ethical foundation needs a standard value in which all actions and goals could be compared. In this regard, these standards include an individual’s own life and happiness that makes them able to live (Melchert 5). This is an individual’s ultimate value of standard, the key goal for which an ethical man should always aim. These goals are arrived at through the examination of the nature of man and identifying man's needs that are always peculiar. In most cases, the ethical system consists of emergency situations and daily choices. In this regard, it includes an individual’s relation to other individuals and recognizes their necessity especially into ones physical survival, happiness and wellbeing (Melchert 6). It also identifies that life is an end in itself and that in many situations sacrifice may be destructive despite bein g necessary. According to the theory of wrong and right, evil and good, it is certain that human beings are more than just believers. Human beings are always known to be doers. The main question comes up concerning the extent of wisdom that may explain how people can live their lives best. Do the ideas that pleasure obtained from something makes it be right to be done? Should an individual think of how his or her actions influence the others? If so, then the question is - in what manner? Is there certainly bad or good or does having such thinking makes it to main so? Do individuals have duties? If so where does an individual come from? What is vice and virtue? What is meant by the word justice? Can the justice administered be considered to be vital? These include some among the different philosophical questions that one may ask himself. Each and every culture tries to give out answers to this question despite the fact that some cultures have not yet developed the most known philosop hy. Some of the answers that were given to these questions may universally take the form of some stories especially those involving gods. In this respect, gods were referred to as the gigantic nature of power, which takes part in massive creation feat that struggle frequently with other gods thus intervening in the human life evil or good (Melchert, 6). These are mostly referred to as myth stories. They are normally told and repeated, embroidered and elaborated. They are also told to children as facts that are straightforward and obtain some authority due to their age, aspect of repetition, and by the true fact that people in the society accepts them. In this respect, these stories have an effect of shaping traditions, which in turn shapes the lives of individuals. The philosophy that is referred to as the love to wisdom started when some individuals began to ask questions. For example, the questions like why an individual should believe stories of this kind, how can an individual g et to know that these stories are true, and whenever they try to give out answers that may look to be more going compared to plausibility, and antiquity coming from acceptance that is common. Different philosophers have tried to provide the people in the society with some impressive reasons to believe in one thing concerning this matter. These philosophers tend to provide good reasons that can make an individual think that he or she cannot answer questions of this type

Cultural Groups and Equal Payment Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Cultural Groups and Equal Payment - Term Paper Example Money itself is the most vibrant form of incentive for increasing the productivity of employees. This is why organizations use the various methods to evaluate employees. Employees who work properly do not have the fear factor of supervisors. This is because they are scaled according to the amount of work they have done which has been seen in material form. These employees do not have to wait on supervisors to accept the amount of work they have done and they are compensated by the amount of work they have physically completed. This essay would analyze the situation of the cultural groups with regard to the difference in their payment scales. The performance-rated payment system is frowned upon in some societies. This example could be seen where employees who work at call centers are paid a specific sum regardless of the amount of work that has been done. In countries such as India, call center employees are paid a fixed wage rate of Rs. 15,000 (USD 300) per month. They are not even c ompensated by the amount of work they have done whereas for employees working in call centers in USA are paid roughly USD 2000 per month and after reaching a specific target they are compensated with overtime premium amounts and bonuses. This shows how the wage rates in other countries determine how the employees are used and not equally compensated. Performance based work rates are appreciated in these types of countries as it increases the quality of work and gives the employees reasons to improve themselves. Equal payment for equal work is a concept which itself focuses on the title. Employers might not be paying equal wages to workers for a certain task and might be using some kind of medium to keep it that way. Some restaurants and stores hire illegal immigrants on lower wage rates than that of a legal citizen. They use this to their benefit and utilize the pay difference to boost the store profits. The equal pay for equal work context also works in the context of sexual discri mination. Women across the globe are not treated with the same respect that male employees are offered and their benefits are also not properly compensated for. Free market supporters believe that the rules and legislations that are passed are not properly kept in light and it does not protect the people that it has aimed to protect. Where an employer has to hire someone, that employer would prefer hiring a male worker instead of a female because of the workload that the male can take on. Most female employees have this in mind when applying for a job. The employer now has the benefit of hiring a worker who is skilled and will be working for less compensation for work. Employees try to work against the system by formulating labor unions to help them get the rightly deserved compensation that they are asking for. The USA has a law which focuses on equal pay/compensation for work that has been done. The law revolves around mainly focusing on gender inequalities for employees working i n a work place. All forms of pay are covered in this law including bonuses and benefits that the employee would get are covered in this law. (Commission). The government also introduced the Equal Pay Act (EPA) which would require employers to pay men and women equally for any work that they do which is similar. This law was passed in 1963 where the crux of the labor related problems were seen. This law itself covers every state, federal government and mostly all private employers. (All). This law

As instruction Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

As instruction - Case Study Example SirsiDynix has worked on almost all types of library systems which include government, public and academic (Vista Equity Partners, 2013). As mentioned above the library pays a fee to make use of the services provided by the software. Moreover the library is also charged for any maintenance work that is carried out on the system. Sirsi is used to perform a number of functions for the library which include circulations, online cataloging, keeping records of subscriptions and acquisitions of various books from different sources (Vista Equity Partners, 2013). The transaction processing system is broken down into a number of modules. Some of these modules collaborate with each other to accomplish various tasks. For example the circulation module and the cataloging module are connected to each other to help locate books when needed. To access the journal articles the library makes use of software known as link resolver that allows students and professors to access various journal articles. The link resolver module tries to determine if an institution owns a resource that the user is trying to access. If the institution does not own that resource the link resolver tries to determine if the institution has the rights to access that particular resource. Once verification is completed the link resolver redirects the user to the resource using a particular URL link (ExLibris SFX, 2012). The URL link resolver provides a scholar portal that connects the all the libraries of the regional universities and provides information on the journals available at a particular university library. Universities are allowed to borrow journals from each other without any additional charges. The headquarters of the portal are situated in University of Toronto. Orders at the library are recorded manually by the library staff. The faculty records all their academic requirements with the staff of the library these requirements include books, journals and any other resources that may be needed by the faculty. These requests are put in by the faculty using a form. Once all requests are made by the faculty the library draws up a budget for purchasing these resources. Each book is purchased from the vendor one at a time. Recently the library has started purchasing books online mainly from Amazon.com. Business process model for a library: Opportunities / Threats Opportunity/threat chart: Threat identified Issue Recommendations Dependency on the software Siri The system largely depends upon the software Siri. An error in any of the modules could halt operations Availability can be a problem Implement a Transaction Processing system as back up to handle all the processing that takes place at the library’s desk IMS by IBM can be implemented within the library system IMS provides high availability and can work with large volume of data Lapse in security Library systems are easy targets for hackers. Unauthorized access could extensively cause damage the data It could even t ake the library offline Install windows

Administrative Law Judicial Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Administrative Law Judicial Review - Essay Example Yardley asserts that judicial review is â€Å"the ultimate safeguard for the ordinary citizen against unlawful action by †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.the more powerful administration5†. In order to be amenable to judicial review, the relevant organisation must be a â€Å"public body6† and it is evident that the Council is a public body under the â€Å"source test7† under the first limb of eligibility. Moreover, the Council’s functions clearly fall within the second limb of eligibility is the â€Å"functions test†, which was established in the case of R v Panel of Takeovers and Mergers, ex parte Datafin8. In this case it was asserted that the relevant consideration was whether the body performed a public function, or alternatively whether its conduct had public law consequences. If these considerations were answered in the affirmative, the body would be a public body9. To institute proceedings for judicial review, Greener World will have to make an application for leave of the court before applying for judicial review and then issue their claim under the Civil Procedure Rules, part 5410. Any claim for judicial review must then have permission of leave of the Administrative Court11. Furthermore, in order to be eligible to make an application, Greener World must have locus standi, which in simple terms is the right to apply for judicial review. This requirement is essential as a filter for the judicial review process, limiting applicants to those who have a â€Å"sufficient interest†. Section 31(3) of the Supreme Court Act 1981 provides that permission for judicial review will not be granted â€Å"unless it considers the applicant has a sufficient interest in the manner to which the application relates12.† The definition of â€Å"sufficient interest† has been interpreted widely13 and was considered in depth in the case of R v Inland Revenue Commissioners, ex parte National Federation of Self-Employed and Small Businesses Ltd14. In this case, the House of Lords asserted that other than

Bio for award recommendation Annotated Bibliography

Bio for award recommendation - Annotated Bibliography Example Besides providing support on an online platform, I also provide support on a tier one level to basic operating programs that include, the radio communication systems, radar tracking systems and personnel tracking systems. In addition to the provision of these operational systems, I am tasked with the provision of written documentation such as maintenance reports, engineering surveys and memoranda to give an analysis on services performed and planned. My work engagements across the globe have enabled me to acquire the necessary skills to give support on a tier one level basis to every single programme in the operation center. Due to my extensive travelling, I have become well versed in the Foreign Affairs Manual and Handbook to smoothen my stay in Iraq. During my time in the military, I was conditioned to be able to withstand high pressure while multitasking in my area of specialty. This has enabled me to be an efficient and focused worker. My time at the Department of Defense has conditioned me to work in physically demanding situations. This has been handy in maintaining and developing preventive measures for systems that I have been assigned. On an almost daily basis, I am involved in drafting written reports and recommendations regarding activity reports and personnel programs. Therefore, I maintain knowledge on base products installed at an expert level while striving to improve and sustain the ongoing technical security controls. I have installed many technical systems such as telecommunications, cabling, electrical and power. Additionally, I have in the past developed and installed CCTV systems for both analogue and digital features, automated control systems, and other life safety programs. Additional duties at the embassy that form part of my accomplishments include-troubleshooting video and fiber problems, installing cameras and smart boards (in and outside the embassy) to secure the safety of the personnel and its property, providing onsite

Marx Misses the Point Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Marx Misses the Point - Essay Example Precisely so: that is just what we intend" (Marx 337). For the purposes of this paper, Marx misses the point on three levels. His reduction of complex economic relationships into two broad categories is an oversimplification that is as inaccurate as his proposed solution is feckless. His assertion that free trade is tantamount to exploitation is misguided and has no basis in fact. Finally, the presentation of communism as the panacea for all the ills of industrial society is nave; in fact, once Marx's scheme is brought from ideology into practice the result is that communism and the state simply become a replacement of one type of repression for another. Communism, when applied to the lives of real people, ironically becomes his decried bourgeoisie in a different cloak. Through oversimplification, inaccuracy, and flawed methodology, Marx misses the point; individual freedom. Marx frames his initial assertion for the two class distinctions in terms of time. He avers that "[o]ur epoch, the epoch of the bourgeoisie, possesses, however, this distinctive feature; it has simplified the class antagonisms" (322). Had he had the ability to project forward in time, beyond his epoch, he would see the colossal failures within the practical application of his ideas. That sort of time projection being impossible for him, however, let's examine his initial, basic assertion: "Society as a whole is more and more splitting up into two great hostile camps, into two great classes directly facing each other: Bourgeoisie and Proletariat" (Marx 322). Anytime broad generalizations are used to describe complex situations, inaccuracy is the result; particularly with subjects as convoluted as economy and politics. For Marx, there is a ruling class of people and institutions who have capital and power. This group, in his mind, is exercising exploitation and control over the masses . On the other side of his equation, lie the disenfranchised workers who are the grist for the industrial mill. For Marx, these two are diametrically opposed to each other and are hostile. The problem with his approach, like any person who thinks in terms of black vs. white, is that it is too simplistic. There are shades of grey within the groups that his dual class approach does not accommodate. An organized, funded, and complete "bourgeoisies" does not exist; nor does a suppressed, victimized, and grouped "proletariat." There certainly are capitalized entities that take advantage of laborers. That fact notwithstanding, there are also many industrial operations that function in partnership with labor to harmoniously provide goods and services to society while maintaining a happy and healthy workforce. These are symbiotic relationships where no hostility exists. It is within the context of individual freedom that these beneficial relationships exist. Marx, however, takes issue with that freedom, turning it into something evil. In practical application, the term bourgeoisie simply becomes a label applied to a person or company that displeases the labeler. Exploitation Marx's propensity for negative labeling does not stop with grouped classes, but also extends to the commercial activity of society. He sees

In the play Capulet wants Juliet to have a good life Essay Example for Free

In the play Capulet wants Juliet to have a good life Essay Romeo and Juliet is a tragic 16th century Shakespearean love story set in the Italian city of Verona. The life of a father and daughter in our lifetime at the moment would vary considerably from the one Capulet and Juliet lead in the play. In the 16th century women were expected to do many things for men. Mens expectations for women in the 16th century were that they cleaned the house looked after the children and were treated as second class citizens. Men expected women to obey them and do anything they say if the women disobeyed the men they would subject to punishment in the version of getting hit in those days because there wasnt strict law and order in those days. So if a women married a man they would become the sole property of their husband. In the 16th century the father was the man of the household who would finalise everything. When theyre daughter was around 14 the father would chose who she would be married to, but as in the play some daughters didnt feel that their fathers choice was correct and if they turned down his offer they would also be subject to punishment. The rejection of their fathers choice would also make their fathers feel hurt because his daughter had rejected his offer of happiness, the father also feels that his daughter is not proud of her parents and doesnt thank them. In the play Capulet wants Juliet to have a good life and thinks hes chosen the right type of man for his daughter . He believes that Paris will give her a stable life. Increase the reputation of his family because Paris has class and is a well-known celebrity who when people know he is part of the Capulet clan and Capulets son in law they will like Capulet better. As well as that and the money that Paris earns he believes that Paris is a respectable man of society. That he will also take care of his daughter, e. g. if she is sad he will make her happy and comfort her if she is scared, he will make her feel safe and secure in her home and environment. So all in all he thinks that he has chosen a peach of a man who is respected in aspects of his criteria for his daughter. I believe that in the play Capulet wants his daughter to marry Paris because he feels out of love for his daughter that he has found the right person for his daughter who will take care of her and tend to her when she is sick. Plus love her like he does, but as well as this he also chose Paris who is a very wealthy and popular well-known business man, rather than that his family is at war with the Montague family and would like a celebrity backing to increase his chance of winning. Capulet feels it is tradition at the time for him to select supposedly the lucky man to marry his daughter and when he does this he also expects Juliet to be pleased that he has chosen her such an admirable husband. He hopes that Juliet will feel the same way he does and that it is someone who will care for her and make sure she is given the best love and affection around. In parts of Romeo and Juliet you see the examples of Capulet being a loving and caring father. One of these parts is in Act 1, Scene 2, line 7-11 when Capulet says My child is yet a stranger in the world, she has not seen the change of 14 years, let two more summers wither in her pride ere we may think her ripe to be a bride. This shows that he is loving because he is saying to Paris she is only young and just turned 14 give her two more years and you can marry her. Although he says this to Paris when his daughter disagrees with his choice he doesnt accept her reason or anything he just keeps having a go at her. Whatever reason Juliet gives her father will not accept her reason and keeps forcing her to chose Paris. In conclusion I believe that in the 16th century daughter, father relationships were very different from nowadays. Nowadays the daughter has the freedom to do as she pleases apart from in some certain religions where the marriage is organised between 2 people before they can walk. So in most of the world today women have a free right but in some areas they have stuck to the old fashion way of arrange marriages.

Aboriginal title on the lands of Canada Essay Example for Free

Aboriginal title on the lands of Canada Essay Aboriginal title on the lands of Canada is a complex issue today. The question is that these peoples settled on the land much earlier than did the residents from Great Britain and Europe on the whole. It is quite fair to leave after Aboriginal unity of people the lands which were occupied by their predecessors. The basic element in this issue concerning people’s rights is to save social equilibrium in the Canadian society. Thus, there should be an explicit estimation of policies and agencies maintained through the Supreme Court in British Columbia and Ontario as well as in other states and provinces of the country. See more: Foot Binding In China essay This makes a controversy between the First Nations and current residents in applying policies grounded on the Constitution and some other laws and acts which attempt to break down the peaceful resolution of the situation with land claims. Everything which touches upon the law field of relationships between individuals should be weighed lawfully. What is more, large social groups should correspond to the norms of justice and impartiality on the part of the representatives of law. Aboriginal people of Canada seem to be outside the policies and processes which form and establish suchlike policies. Thus, it is unlawful for the majority of Canada to deny the right of Aboriginal communities to have their lands far from being captured, even though Canada is a largely multinational country. To provide arguments for this claim, the paper leads toward thorough investigation of peer-reviewed articles on the topic. On the other hand, it is focused on finding out the optimal decision to work out the problem currently and in the future. Looking at the Delgamuukw decision maintained in 1997 in British Columbia, it is quite clear that the Court could not have an idea on the â€Å"Aboriginal title† and how to govern it insofar (Dacks, 2002). It was, particularly, the only mismatch for the political authorities in order to designate the place of Aboriginal people in Canada. Here comes an opinion that since 1846 when British Columbia became sovereign there were no applicable laws or norms to support those who were already present on the land by the date of European settlement. An expert in this socio-political problem would recognize a set of impediments on the way toward better negotiation on the land claims policies. It is a matter of diplomatic regulatory mechanisms which are beyond disagreement when it comes into such subtle topic for the investigation. Dacks (2002) identified three basic elements encountered in the process of anticipation between province and federal governments and Aboriginal communities in British Columbia, namely: 1) Anticipating the issue between governments and Aboriginal people by dint of litigation; 2) Governments’ limitations on their political mandates; 3) Perceiving the meaning of the title Aboriginal people long for by the governments and settling land claims (243). This would ideally fit the manner and the way for resolving the contradictory points in the debates on the land claims and policing in Canada hitherto. One needs to rally thoughts over the aspect of Aboriginal policy agencies (APA’s) which are distinctly vital to maintain dialogue in the ambivalence in terms of governments and indigenous people (Malloy, 2001). This matter is open for the discussion today, but leaves more rights and jurisdiction after the governments. According to the Constitution Act, 1867 leaving provinces space for â€Å"Indians and land reserved for the Indians,† everything seems clear and lawfully (Malloy, 2001, p. 131). However, the litigation as for the current land claims policies needs some cornerstone amendments. It is especially vital to provide indigenous people with a democratic direction in working out their place â€Å"under the sun. † On the local level, provincial governments established in British Columbia and in Ontario are stated to be unexamined on the constitutional and jurisdiction level. Hence, it becomes hard for Aboriginal communities to realize and come closer to their own rights as of their title. APA’s serve two main function in this complicated dialogue on the political level, namely: 1. Internal regulations of Aboriginal policy in terms of the provincial governments; 2. External anticipation and cooperation with First Nations (Malloy, 2001). However, even if taking into account suchlike extrapolation of Aboriginal rights, it is still unclear where the law securing indigenous people comes into effect. This is another mismatch to be put into the picture by now. In the aforementioned ambivalence of functions prescribed to APA’s one should figure out a distinct set of actors for the Aboriginal communities. It is even more distinct than among the governments who take a glance more at the employers, unions, etc. Aboriginal people are likely to negotiate with different actors on the external dimension as long as they can reach out more support thereafter. This makes APA’s different. Moreover, it assumes more governance on their lands despite the constitutional norms adopted beforehand. White (2002) provides the authority of treaty federalism in Northern Canada, as the prerequisite which gave Aboriginal people to establish their unique governance institutions outside the federal and provincial verification and coverage. This claim has plenty to talk about, as it sparks special concerns among Canadian politics today. However, every bean has its black, as they say. The idea is that indigenous people in Canada are hardly considered to be fulfilled with rights and obligations. It is better to say the issue of cultural and traditional coloring in decision-making procedure is still beyond deeper negotiations (White, 2002). Provision of the democratic freedoms played a great role for APA’s in terms of more execution in land claims by Aboriginal people. The point of land possession is partially solved, as might be seen now. However, the Aboriginal self-government promotes a collision with the public government (White, 2002). It is all about the controversy in possessing rights, territory, and holding office. Aboriginal people tend to be the only office holders on their historic lands, while the public governance presupposes such opportunity for all residents. Thus, the intent for the Aboriginal people seems to be quite air now. Speaking in a historical way, there was a treaty signed by the indigenous people with the newcomers represented by British and Canadian elite. Thus, indigenous people would never give their lands without a thoughtful implication of their own hopes and pretences. Hence, since 1970s a new round of negotiations between Canadian governments and Aboriginal communities aims at making â€Å"comprehensive land claims† available and warranted lawfully for the indigenous layer of the Canadian society. The main constructive suggestion for the Canadian political elite is to invent the most rational way to reach a compromise. It is a complicated issue that needs more attention on the part of all social groups and communities in Canada. It is not about involving the World Community in this internal issue of Canadian government, but, perhaps, it considers consultations or pieces of advice on the part of the United States, for instance. The Aboriginal property rights are largely violated in almost all aspects (Avio, 1994). However, the largest part of suchlike violation falls into the cultural features. The environmental issues as well as the political ones are highlighted to be broken down among the society. Thus, it cannot but make the aboriginal communities lose their temper. Turning back to the Delgamuukw litigation process, Dacks (2002) draws the interim measures for the aboriginal leaders, as benefits provided on the part of the social majority. Several agreements on the participation of indigenous people in such areas as forest management, tourism marketing, training, and some other prerogatives for the First Nations were established in British Columbia (Dacks, 2002). This was a real breakthrough for those who struggle for their rights. Amending some acts and norms of Canadian law system, the representatives of justice were provided constructive decisions on the issue of Aboriginal part in land claims policy: The R. v. Sparrow and R. v. Van der Peet decisions of the Supreme court established the principle that governments can infringe upon Aboriginal rights if such infringements are justifiable, and identified a test for determining if they are justifiable in individual cases (Dacks, 2002, p. 245). Still, the issue of justifiable features in providing lawful initiatives is vague in its meaning. It does not give detailed insights on whether or not Aboriginal people are secured in their property rights and everything which belongs to the territorial and cultural implications. The Aboriginal communities are really diverse in their character. They need special, unique, approach to identify a set of issues to be solved in their claims for lands. It is impossible to separate these critical issues into pieces according to the extent of their significance. Politics and sociologists have taken it into account recently. The only thing is that Aboriginal tribal communities should be discussed and evaluated as historically sovereign territorial-administrative units on the Canadian lands. This is why the issue of APA’s is that complicated currently. Actors and networks in the social domain are now critical for the indigenous people in Canada. Malloy (2001) outlines in this respect the following statement: â€Å"Provincial-Aboriginal interactions comprise two major policy communities: social policy and economic/resource policy† (138). This is why there is no ground to talk about renovations in policing for Aboriginal people, unless there are appropriate agreements on budget assets and duration of such agreements, in particular. To be more precise, since 1973, the Crown and Aboriginal people have finished 22 contemporary treaties (Alcantara, 2007). Thus, it is just the matter of time and cohesion of the provincial and federal governments to the problems of Aboriginal people. However, the thing is that not all indigenous groups in Canada are solid and united in their claims for political and administrative incentives. The question is that there are some contradictions within Aboriginal tribes. Thus, since 1970s, some of the Aboriginal peoples who were involved into the process of comprehensive land claims were not able to fulfill the treaties (Alcantara, 2007). By contrast, Canadian politics still have not enough willingness and, say, powers to single out the most appropriate consensual implication. Coming from the times when indigenous people were considered as the barbarous aliens, such alienation in the Canadian society seems to be taken for granted. It makes no point in making compromises or political steps forward a democratic way of negotiating with such unique layers of the society. Avio (1994) remarkably identifies a line on which contradiction appears: â€Å"Since all aboriginal rights are alienable to the Crown via mutual agreement, those contracts which wholly or partly convert a food fish entitlement to a commercial entitlement must be constitutionally permissible per se† (424). As there are no such permissions yet, the conflict or litigation is in evidence. To make up such issues as self-government provision, taxation policies, economical growth and some other among the Aboriginal territorial unities, Canadian provincial and federal governments should adopt some basically vital agreements. Interestingly, such policies drive two governments to making additional autonomies on the territorial-administrative political map of the country. Supposedly, it interrupts politics to be more intensive in the socio-political process with indigenous people. On the other hand, Canadians do not elaborate on the experience of other countries where suchlike problem took place or currently is in evidence. In addition, another single obstacle in the process of negotiations is that federal and provincial powers do not take indigenous people possibility to vote or participate in the process on the equal basis. The process itself is said to represent â€Å"an advanced form of control, manipulation, and assimilation† (Alcantara, 2007, p. 348). In turn it leads toward consideration of majority-minority relationships with larger emphasis on the opinion of the majority only. It comes out to be that Canadian provincial governments under the pressure of the top politics in the federal government are likely to propose an alternative for the indigenous people. The idea is that self-government form of governance seems no longer possible for the jurisdiction and economical relationships internally. Thus, interim measures could be just like a â€Å"veil† on the face of Aboriginal people. Claims-mandated boards were supposed to work out the problem by implementing them, as â€Å"institutions of public governance† on the historically Aboriginal territories (White, 2002, p. 94). Once again, it brings the overall climate of negotiations toward nothing. To say more, it renders null all attempts to make an â€Å"equal† consensus visible and applicable to the situations. On the other side, the above mentioned proposal on the part of the governments is aimed at reducing the controversy among different tribes. To conclude, the process of treaties between Canadian majority and Aboriginal minorities is still in process. Thus, it is unlawful for the majority of Canada to deny the right of Aboriginal communities to have their lands far from being captured, even though Canada is a largely multinational country. There are still little achievements in the issue of Aboriginal property rights. Moreover, the situation is aggravated by the differences in ambitions of provincial and federal governments posed on the lands occupied by the Indians. On the other side, Aboriginal minorities need to be deeply evaluated as of their pretences (land claims) individually in each province and in each state as well. Until these issues are not solved, there is no agreement as of warrants for comprehensive land claims in Canada for the indigenous minorities. Reference Alcantara, C. (2007). To Treaty or Not to Treaty? Aboriginal Peoples and Comprehensive Land Claims Negotiations in Canada. Publius: TheJournal of Federalism , 38 (2), 343-369. Avio, K. L. (1994). Aboriginal Property Rights in Canada: A Contractarian Interpretation of R. v. Sparrow. Canadian Public Policy / Analyse de Politiques , 20 (4), 415-429. Dacks, G. (2002). British Columbia after the Delgamuukw Decision: Land Claims and Other Processes. Canadian Public Policy / Analyse de Politiques , 28 (2), 239-255. Malloy, J. (2001). Double Identities: Aboriginal Policy Agencies in Ontario and British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Political Science / Revue canadienne de science politique , 34 (1), 131-155. White, G. (2002). Treaty Federalism in Northern Canada: Aboriginal-Government Land Claims Boards. Publius , 32 (3), 89-114.

The Consequences Of Melting Polar Ice Caps Environmental Sciences Essay

The Consequences Of Melting Polar Ice Caps Environmental Sciences Essay The polar ice caps that we see today have taken centuries to form and they ve been melting from time to time in order to form lakes and rivers that are essential not only for animal and plant life, but for humans as well all over the world. Furthermore, as precipitation takes its toll the ice caps that melt gets replaced by fresh snow that is later on over time converted to ice. Thus it is safe to say that the melting of the polar ice caps is a normal occurrence, however it becomes a problem when the ice caps melt at a fast rate and turning into water faster and in more quantity than the fresh snow replacing it. This is the current situation of most of today s polar ice caps all over the world. As they reduce in size, stability, and strength they eventually break off and melt away thereby increasing sea levels among other things. The major consequences of melting polar ice caps can be said in the following order below: 1. Global Warming. We are currently experiencing warmer temperatures all over the world today as temperatures have gone high, and global warming is becoming more alarming day by day. This rise in temperature helps polar ice caps melt faster than it should be. Ice caps have even disappeared in certain parts of the world due to this. The melting of the polar ice caps increases global warming because ice glaciers deflects or bounces off about 80% heat from the sun and retain or absorb about 20% of it. However, when sunlight falls on earth, only 20% of the heat is deflected and 80% is absorbed. This in turn increases sea water temperatures, melting ice faster causing the earth to get warmer. 2. Shortage of Fresh Water. Earth looks sort of enveloped and covered with water when seen from space which causes people to think that we are self-sufficient with water. However, this is just the opposite as most of the water that we can see from space in pictures is just salt water that is not good for human use and only 2% of it is considered as freshwater good enough for human use in which 70% of it comes from ice caps and glaciers. People in certain parts of the world depend on this fresh source of water for not only drinking but for agricultural purposes as well. There are certain areas around the Himalayas that are currently in crisis due to this especially in dry months as populations rise. 3. Reduced Agricultural Output. To begin with, for the areas where agriculture mainly depends on rain, they won t be effected by melting of the ice caps. However these areas are few around the world. Areas that are affected are those that depend on fresh water coming from ice caps and glaciers. When ice caps keep on melting there will be lesser fresh water for agriculture which will make the lands dry and not suitable for agriculture thus reduce the total output leading to a shortage in harvest. 4. Excessive Flooding. There are ice caps all over the world and it should be understood that the difference between polar ice caps and ice caps is that the later are present also on lands. Melting of these ice caps causes excessive flooding which is very dangerous for the people and animals that are living in those areas as it would destroy homes, habitats, and lives. Furthermore, polar ice caps and ice glaciers on higher altitudes melt faster which form new lakes and raise river water levels as well causing floods. This is also a cause of concern as when these river water levels rise and lakes burst, they lead to major disasters destroying everything crossing its path. 5. Rise In Sea Level. As the polar ice caps melt at a faster rate, the more the sea levels rise. The consequences of this will be of dire magnitude and people living in coastal regions all over the world will have to relocate and live somewhere else, thereby decreasing amount of living space, due to soil erosion, flooding, and their fresh water being contaminated with salt water of the sea. It has been estimated that the sea level rising 1mm to 2mm per year. It has also been estimated that in the U.S there will be a 3-foot rise in sea level in the Gulf coast which will lead to the deluge of more tha 22,000 square miles of land. 6. Habitat Loss. There are plenty of animals, birds, and even fishes that depend on the polar ice caps and its temperatures for their survival. There are fishes depend on food such as phytoplankton and sea-plants that are underwater near the ice caps and there are birds such as snow owls that depend on these fishes near the ice caps and animals and humans who depend on certain birds for food. They are all connected. As sea water temperatures get warmer and sea levels rise, the sea plants in which these fishes feed off n live on will eventually die out n disappear and this in turn will lead to the increase in the death toll of fishes and birds will reduce due to lack of fishes to feed on, making survival for birds very difficult. Thus disturbing the whole ecosystem. Furhtermore the reduction of fishes has an impact on the polar bear as they have much less to feed on forcing them to take long journeys away from their habitat which also forces to eat what they don t normally eat. This journey is a risky one as some of the polar bear don t make it alive an die on the way as there are many threats as starvation and threats underwater such as killer whales and sharks. Seals, whales, and walruses are also adapting to this change to migrating patters which makes hunting for them by natives very difficult thus leaving the natives without food as well. In addition to the melting of the ice caps, blocks of ice are breaking off forcing seals to give bith underwater which causes many of the pups to die by drowning. Also separation occurs due to breaking of the ice at young ages leading to higher mortality rates. 7. Coral Reefs Will Vanish. Coral reefs need sunlight for photosynthesis not only for their own survival but also for the survival of the various types of fishes that depend on it. As sea levels rise higher making waters deeper, the presence of sunlight under water becomes lesser as the sunlight becomes harder to reach the coral reefs. This in turn corrupts the quality of corals and may even kill them. Certain fishes won t survive as they depend on the reefs for food and this will later have an impact on people who depend on fish for survival. 8. Recontamination Of Earth. Most people today have never even heard DDT and such pesticides as they were banned all over the world years ago. These substances were airborne and eventually wounded up in cooler areas near the ice caps and polar ice caps. Unfortunately the story doesn t end there as most of these harmful airborne chemicals got trapped inside the polar ice caps and glaciers, which later chunks of ice melt and break off, the chemicals, are then released back into the environment in seas, rivers, and lakes containing glaciers. 9. Melting Of The Polar Ice Caps Affects The Whole World. The melting of the polar ice caps is not only limited to specific parts of the world. The rapid melting of the ice is a global concern and its consequences affect the whole world in every continent, especially when it comes to global warming. Conclusion In conclusion, the consequences of the melting polar ice caps are not only limited to specific areas of the world but rather are a global consequence and one that has many concerns and should be dealt with immediately because the polar ice caps are still melting and sea levels are rising, effecting us all over the world as mentioned above. Unfortunately nothing can be done about the rapid melting of the polar ice caps at the moment but global warming is a major factor in the rapid decrease of the ice caps and everyone should contribute to reduce global warming as a first step.

Essay --

the single stage converter is introduced in the proposed work. The output from both the systems are given to the fly-back converter it will give the constant dc voltage as the output. By controlling the switching period of the converter switch the output can be controlled. The figure shows the interfacing of hybrid system using individual dc-dc converter. Fig.6 Hybridization using individual boost converters VI.SIMULATION RESULTS The Fig.5 shows the block diagram of single stage converter for the proposed hybrid system. In the existing system two individual dc-dc converters were used for controlling the power flow; which will increase the number of circuit components. To reduce this, single stage conversion is used. The output from both wind and solar system is given to the fly-back converter unit. This will carry out the proper conversion for the required output. In this hybrid system Solar array is considered as a main source and wind will operate parallel to this. The conduction period of the switch is varied accordingly to the output required. In the single stage conversion no ma...

A Mothers dream Essay -- essays research papers

A Mother's Dream For a lot children growing up, our mothers have been an complete part of what made us who we are. Mostly all good mothers want the best for their child and they are determine to do whatever it takes for them to get it. The central struggle in Amy Tan's story ‘‘Two Kinds'' is a battle of wills between the narrator, a young Chinese-American girl, and her mother, a Chinese immigrant. "Two Kinds'' is a coming-of-age story, in which the narrator, Jing-mei, struggles to forge her own sense of identity in the face of her strong-willed mother's dream that she become a "prodigy.'' Suyuan, Jing-mei's mother, believes in the American Dream. With hard work, she feels that Jing-Mei can be anything she wants to be in this great country. After all, Suyuan does not want her daughter to ever suffer the kind of deprivation and tragedies that she had to endure in China. But Jing-Mei has no desire to prove herself or excel in any field. She wants to take life as it comes. In her words, â€Å"I did not believe I could be anything I wanted to be. I could only be me† Tan (679). Since Suyuan believes that anything can be accomplished and she uses her daughter as her outlet to prove it. She continuously gives Jing-mei numerous test and eventually forces her to take piano lessons, which becomes Suyuan's prime focus of her 'perfect dau...

Arguing the Existence of God from Religious Experience

Analyse the argument for the existence of God from religious experience â€Å"A religious experience offers a sense of the ultimate and an awareness of wholeness, a consciousness of the infinite and an absolute dependence. † Edward Schleiermacher. Religious experience has been a contentious subject for philosophers of religion in trying to actually define what a religious experience is, along with psychologists and religious believers. Otto, James, Hardy and Schleiermacher are among many people who have tried to define a religious experience and there basic understanding is it is an encounter with the divine.It is non-empirical, a personal occurrence that brings with it an awareness of something beyond ourselves. Those who have had such an experience count it as the ultimate proof of the existence of God. It is difficult to find a common theme with religious experiences due to the variety but you can divide them into two basic groups; a direct experience and an indirect experi ence. Testimonies of the occurrence of religious experiences can be found throughout human history, but do they prove that humanity has a link with God if they are true and if they are false, why are we so ready to believe them?Every testimony of a religious experience is unique and most occur to individuals in private but others are ‘corporate’ experiences, when large numbers of people share in the same experience. Despite the testimony of believers there is a vast range of alternative explanations for such events which means it is impossible to arrive at a definite understanding of religious experience and to verify or falsify whether such events occur. The argument from religious experience is an inductive argument.Those who believe that religious experiences are proof of Gods existence usually argue inductively and look at the subjective testimonies of individuals to draw similar conclusions from their experiences that can only be explained in terms of the existence of God. Thus Richard Swinburne in ‘Is there a God? ’ argues inductively that it is reasonable to believe that God is loving and personal and would seek to reveal himself to humanity as an act of love to enable people to bring about good; â€Å"An omnipotent and perfectly good creator will seek to interact with his creatures and, in particular, with human persons capable of knowing him. Swinburne suggests that religious experiences can be felt empirically and interpreted non-empirically through our ‘religious sense. ’ Thus, if someone has a religious experience, we should believe the experience has taken place, even if their experience differs from others. In analyse of the inductive argument, it is strong as there is evidence that after the experience the experient is changed forever. Moreover some of the greatest events in history have resulted from people having religious experiences, such as Paul’s conversion after seeing a vision of Christ and was instrumented into spreading Christianity around the world.Nevertheless, the continued problem remains that the conclusion is only the best answer that appears probable on the basis of the evidence offered. The conclusion depends on an accurate interpretation of the evidence which may be influenced by the beliefs of the experient or the person interpreting the experience. The cumulative argument for religious experience is based on the view that if you take all the arguments about religious experience together, then they are more convincing than one argument alone.If all the testimonies to religious experiences are taken into account, then this would certainly add weight to religious experience as proof of the existence of God. Swinburne concludes his work with the cumulative argument and believes that when the arguments are considered in isolation of the others they don’t prove God, but put together, they make an overwhelming argument which cannot be denied in the grand s cales of Atheism Vs Theism. But it has been argued the theory is logically and mathematically flawed as taking many low probabilities and adding does not make on more probable argument – in fact the opposite.You should be multiplying the weak arguments to get a very weak argument. Richard Swinburne believed that unless we have good reason to think that someone is not telling the truth we should work on the principle that what they say is the case, these are his ‘principles of testimony and credulity’. Under his principle of testimony, he argues unless we have evidence to the contrary we should believe what people say when they claim to have had a religious experience: â€Å"In the absence of special considerations, the experiences of others are as they report. Furthermore Swinburne created the principle of credulity that holds the belief that unless we have overwhelming evidence to the contrary, we should believe that things are as they seem to be. In ‘The Existence of God’ he wrote; â€Å"How things seem to be is a good guide to how things are.. † Therefore in his view, religious experiences provide a convincing proof for the existence of God. In support if Swinburne’s position, empirical research undertaken in recent years has indicated that as many as 40% of people have at some time in their lives had an experience that could be classified as religious.Furthermore in 1969, the Religious Experience Research Unit in Oxford surveyed people by asking them the question: ‘Have you at any time in your life had an experience of something completely different form your normal life, whether or not you would describe it as God? ’ Many responded positively, saying it was the first time they had told anyone about their experience but it had been one of the most important moments of their lives.However one difficulty Steven Law highlights in his book ‘The Puzzle of Ethics’ is taking such ‘rev elatory’ experiences at face value is not restricted to one faith. He wrote, â€Å"Catholics see the Virgin Mary. Hindus witness Vishnu.. the fact that people have so many bizarre and often contradictory experiences.. ought to lead someone who claims to have had a ‘revelation’ to treat their experience with caution. † Law calls for experients to question their experience and for atheists to remain sceptic, as the experient could easily have mistaken their experience.The argument from religious experience is a posterior which means that it is based on experience, and if the experience is reliable it may lead to reliable conclusions. Many theists believe in order for a belief in God to be rational, they don’t need to back up their experience with proof as God’s existence was directly revealed to them through a personal experience of God. Those who have experienced may have done so but the evidence doesn’t strongly support that conclusion for non-religious believers.

Macbeth Essay

â€Å"As the weird women promised: and I fear, Thou play’dst most foully for’t; yet it was said. It should not stand in thy posterity,/but that myself should be the root and father/Of many Kings.† -Banquo, Act 3, Scene 1 These lines are very important to the story of Macbeth, because it shows that Banquo is finally figuring out that Macbeth may have done something terrible to become king. The witches claimed Macbeth would first be Thane of Cawdor, then Thane of Glamis and finally King. He realizes that as soon as the â€Å"weird women† told Macbeth he would be King, Macbeth may have taken it too far and cheated the prophecies. â€Å"With bare-fac’d power sweep him from my sight/And bid my will avouch it, yet I must not,/For certain friends that are both his and mine,/Whose loves I may not drop, but wail his fall/Whom I myself struck down†¦Ã¢â‚¬  -Macbeth speaking to the Murderers, Act 3, Scene 1 This quote is significant because it shows how Macbeth can have a very dark and malicious disposition. He realizes that Banquo has caught on that he killed the King to fulfill the Witches’ prophecies. He thinks that if he doesn’t get Banquo killed, he will be the one getting killed. Macbeth also knows that if he kills Banquo himself, he will lose his position as King and all of the people who support him. â€Å"Avuant! And quit my sight! Let the earth/hide thee! Thy bones are marrowless, thy blood is cold;/Thou has no speculation in those eyes/Which thou glare with.† -Macbeth to Ghost of Banquo, Act 3, Scene 4 This is the part of the play when you can really tell that Macbeth is starting to go insane. He yells at the ghost of Banquo in front of all of his dinner guests, who don’t see Banquo. â€Å"And quit my sight!† shows that Macbeth is frightened by the sudden sight of his deceased companion. The cause of his hallucination could be because of a heavy weight of regret on his conscience. â€Å"And that well might advise him to a caution to hold what distance his wisdom can provide. Some holy angel,/Fly to the court of England†¦ Under a hand accurs’d!† -Lennox, Act 3, Scene 6

Challenges in Conducting a Good Research Essay

The theoretical foundations are the heart for conducting research in a given area. It is the framework on which the whole research project is based. It is a rationally described, elaborated and developed network of relationships among the variables considered important to the problem situation and identified through such process as literature survey, interview and observations. An effective theoretical foundation identifies and define the relevant variables in a situation that are necessary to the problem defined. Similarly, the building blocks of conducting a good research are the existing facts, theories and hypothesis concerning the topic of study. They serve as a guide to the representation of existing information about the problem, thus supporting and motivating the research in regard to the topic. A good example of the building blocks of a research is the literature review, which provides information about what has been put out about the problem (Taber, 2012). Challenges To Conducting A Good Research Looking for study participants. Finding the participants of the research is usually difficult because a researcher has to define the target participants before he or she goes to the find. In most cases such participants are usually hidden, making it hard to find them. Nevertheless, the best way to solve this challenge is through networking. Networking through methods such as snowball technique eliminates this challenge (Webster & Tuckman,2000). A research can also work with other established researcher in the field for networking Dealing with collected data. When the study is completed, the researcher is faced with the challenge of having a large volume of data, which he or she has to link it with the present research. He or she has to show how his or her research contributes to the body of knowledge. Large data are hard to analyze. But, it can be solved by referring to the methodology used in the study. He or she can also stay focused so as not to be distracted by insignificant data. References Taber, K. (2012). Conducting research in educational contexts. Teacher Development, 395-397. Webster, P., & Tuckman, B. (2000). Conducting Educational Research. Journal of Research in Music Education, 271-271. Source document

Purpose of Art Essay

The quote â€Å"Anyone who says you can’t see a thought simply doesn’t know art† by Wynetka Ann Reynolds. Reynolds is saying in this quote that you need some thinking or imaginations to see or do art. I think, If someone can’t see and figure that out, how can he draw or write music ? . In this quote Reynolds is saying that the purpose of art is thinking, like an imagination, imagination is the true inspiration of art. Without imagination we can’t have art. Also without imagination other items like philosophy itself cannot exist. The Art needs imagination or thinking. Art Should need imagination, for example, young children draws something unexpected, interesting even surprising for old peoples point of view, because they have lot of imaginations. Like they draws about speaking birds, talking dogs, those imaginations will give them more inspiration which eventually led them to be creative. A photographer must imagine what the end result will look like before snap the picture. Writer must imagine what his reader will see or comprehend when they have finished reading the article. Musician, whether creating a musical piece or plying an existing piece, must imagine what the music looks and sound like, and what those who hear it will hear, see and feel. Any form of art MUST involve imagination. Imagination is used in all aspects of life. Every inventor, artist, doctor, architect, â€Å"all people† use imagination. You have to be a creative thinker to produce anything. Which did not exist before It takes vision, imagination and intelligence to implement a new concept. The Artists should use imagination to talk or express their thought. Without imagination art itself cannot exist, it just will be one of copying thing without creativity.

A Foolish American Dream in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman :: Death of a Salesman

Willy Loman is responsible for his own downfall.   Willy finds his own hero and tries to become the hero in his own existence.   Willy tries to become a very successful businessman, at the start of his career he thinks that no one can tell him what to.   Willy is not good with people, he is good with his hands, he is not a good salesman and he chooses the wrong career.   Willy often makes up stories or changes the stories he knows because he cannot face the truth of his life that he has not accomplished as much as he has planned.   Willy's downfall is his own doing which is brought about by his unrealistic dreams, his pride, his career choice and his failure to manage life's problems.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Willy, at a young age, noticed an old salesman who worked at an age of 80 and made a lot of money. The old salesman took orders from no one, he made his own orders and everyone did as the old man said.   When the old salesman, Dave Singleman dies, all the buyers came to his funeral. All the people Dave ever knew came.   There were thousands mourning his death.   From that point, Willy Loman found an awesome dream which he followed the rest of his life.   Willy became a salesman.   Willy is the most unqualified salesman ever!   He never sold a thing.   Willy stops seeing the truth at one point of his life and he relies on his own lies to numb his pain. The pain of knowing he cannot and wont be able to become Dave Singleman.   He is Willy Loman, who is good at fixing the house.   He is not cut out for travelling from city to city and selling goods to people he has never met before.   Willy dramatically dies living out his dream, the dream that never suited Willy Loman.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Willy does not allow people to tell him what to do.   He believes that he cannot be bossed around and that he is too important to fall under anyone's authority but his own.   Willy teaches Biff and Happy not to take orders from anyone.   He thinks this will make Biff, Happy and himself

Research Component Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Research Component - Essay Example The individuals belonging to both the genders were interviewed. After the research process, the hypothesis was upheld. Crime is a social phenomenon and exists in each and every culture of the world from the most primitive human tribes and clans to the modern contemporary society. With the increase in population of the world at large, the tribes and communities grew widely and developed into society. The crime rate also got its place along with the growth of civilization with an upward trend and increase. The need of rules and system was felt to preserve peace and harmony. Subsequently, social norms, mores and taboos were determined to bring regularity in society. Socio-cultural and political authorities came into being with the passage of time, to evade disturbance and control deviancy from the prescribed manners prevailing in some specific area. Punishment and penalties were implemented leading towards the formulation of the sets of laws and penal codes. Agencies were originated to cope with the individuals deteriorating the peace and stability of society. Abnormal attitude creating public nuisance was declared as crime against the state and its individuals. Durkheim views crime, states Coser (1977:141), as normal in terms of its occurrence, and even as having positive social functions in terms of its consequences. In his words: "Where crime exists, collective sentiments are sufficiently flexible to take on a new form, and crime sometimes helps to determine the form they will take. How many times, indeed, it is only an anticipation of future morality--a step toward what will be." As criminal behavior contains universality in its concept, it is not limited to one social class or age group only. Though there is no hard and fast rule for the victimization of specific crime on specific group, yet there are some types of pestering which can be attributed to particular group or class. The nature of crimes varies from one age

Law HW week 4 AM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Law HW week 4 AM - Essay Example It is important that every society is economically stable as this will facilitate the circulation of revenue and other economic advances. Acquiring the property and utilizing it in a manner that promises economic benefits for those who dwell in and around it is, as a result, constitutional. It does not violate the takings clause found in the fifth amendment of the constitution. Revitalizing the economy of the distressed city will serve to benefit the greater public in aspects such as the provision of jobs and taxes for the city government as well as improving the general welfare of the people. The Fifth Amendment law recognizes the acquisition and utilization of property if it promises to benefit the public in such a manner. The law also recognizes the importance that the property bears to their owners and, for this reason, asserts that the urban authority should give them a just compensation. The assurance that seizure of the property by the City of New England will result in many benefits for the public renders the urban authority’s invocation of the power of eminent domain

The Womens Liberation Movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Womens Liberation Movement - Essay Example Cohen raises a question that the demonstration is for war or something else? Context of parade was declared as women issues and war are the two sides of a coin. It is due to the fact that American policies and problems both have their roots in American homes that manifest itself throughout the country. Even when it comes to stop the war, firstly, women have to recognize and realize the oppression they are subjected to. They have to raise their â€Å"consciousness† that became the slogan of thousands across the country as radical Kathie Amatniek coined the idea â€Å"Sisterhood Is Powerful† (153). The speech is a real catharsis and source of enlightenment for those who love this world and humanity. Kathy Amatniek addresses the small number of women and in the very beginning sarcastically points out the small number of women contributing to the march for womanhood. She articulately narrates women journey that starts from sub-species of the human genus. Traditional womanhood is the recognition of women’s biological or closely related characteristic, the need as I would like to put it. Traditional womanhood is not allowed to go beyond sexuality as other areas of humanity are closed at her. Kathy Amatniek defines the role and of a woman according to man’s need, expectations and the way he places her in society. At first, the demands are wrapped in emotions and expectations then with subtle change in tone and Kathy Amatniek reveals the hidden challenge from man and internal fears of women. It is the brutal negation of woman’s role and status in society, indivi duality and dignity that the world is nothing and will offer nothing without man. Male parameters and traditional women’s limitations, emotional blackmailing followed by threatening challenge to face the world without man. Despite being unhappy and unsatisfied, traditional women believed in the man’s predictions, believed in her incapability, blamed her own self for being

Should Morbidly Obese Kids Be Taken from Their Parents Essay

Should Morbidly Obese Kids Be Taken from Their Parents - Essay Example This paper provides the summary and response to the article written by gaelle faure, â€Å"Should Parents of Obese Kids Lose Custody?† published on Time.com on Friday, Oct. 16, 2009 (faure) Western world is facing the critical question,† Should morbidly obese children be taken from their parents?† at present. Reports from Scotland, California, New Mexico, Texas and New York, as well as Canada have shown that because of a childs obesity the parents lost the custody of their children. Because of child privacy laws, many such incidents have been kept as secrets whereas only few of them have been published. The above issue has first appeared in public debated issues, two years before with a British television documentary about Connor McCreaddie, an 8-year-old who weighed more than 200 lbs. and was at risk of being taken from his mother by authorities. It is an accepted fact that removing children from their parents remains a last resort, but obesity experts are increasingly debating whether doing so can boost a childs chances for a healthier life. Childhood obesity can cause physical problems like Type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, high cholesterol orthopedic problems, and mental problems due to hypertension, sleep apnea and early puberty. The major reason for over weight is overeating itself. Even though, parents have a major role in making their children obese, other issues like genetic predisposition and socioeconomic status and environmental factors, like whether children have access to parks and playgrounds are also major reasons for child obesity. As per Tam Fry, chairman of Britains Child Growth Foundation, if the parents refuse to address the child obesity issue, then they should be put in the care of professionals — with the provision that parents may visit, till the steps are taken to alter the familys diet so that the child may eventually return to a

Systems anlysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Systems anlysis - Essay Example This paper is divided into two sections. In the first section it discusses about point of sale systems and second section presents an analysis of a communication system. For this paper, I have chosen mobile communication system, which are increasingly used in every walk of life. Part1: Point of Sale (POS) Systems Point of Sale (or simply POS) system is widely used in retail shops or stores, normally placed at the checkout/cashier counter in the store, or a place where such transactions can take place in this type of environment. Basically, traditional cash registers are replaced with a computerized POS terminal. However, it is a great deal more complex than the cash registers for the reason that the POS system can have the capability to keep track of orders placed by the customers, carry out transactions via debit and credit cards. At the present, point of sale systems have the capability to connect to other systems in a network, and are widely used to deal with inventory. Normally, a point of sale system is based on a personal computer, which encompasses I/O devices and application-specific programs for the specific surroundings in which it will work. Additionally, there are a wide variety of POS systems which are used in different environments. The functionality and processed included with a POS system depends on the nature and functionality of the business. For instance, a point of sale system for a restaurant should contain a list of all menu items which are stored in a database. In addition, this database will be used by the POS system operator to query for information in many ways. In fact, a large number of business organizations and industries use POS terminals that have a point of sale for instance a help desk, comprising lodging, restaurants, museums, and entertainment. In the past few years there have been huge developments in the field of information technology. As the Internet is increasingly used in every walk of life in the same way, point of sal e terminals is now supported through the Internet, which provide an excellent support for remote training and operations management, and keeps track of inventory all through geographically-dispersed locations (Rouse, 2011; POSmatic, Inc., 2013). In addition, POS terminals can be applied to physical POS software and hardware comprising however not limited to touchscreen display, electronic cash register systems, barcode scanners, scales, receipt printers and pole displays. As discussed above, POS systems offer a large number of advantages for all the businesses and industries. The uses and applications of POS systems vary from business to business. Different organizations use different POS systems. In fact, at the present POS systems are used in a large number of different organizations and industries varying from hotels, restaurants and hospitality businesses, casinos, nail/beauty salons, stadiums, and the most important area of its implementation is the retail environments. In simp le words, if something can be traded for financial rate a POS System can be utilized (POSmatic, Inc., 2013; Rouse, 2011). An organization can get a number of advantages of POS systems. Some of the major advantages of POS systems are outlined below: Decrease Shrinkage: In view of the fact that inventory rates and quantities can be maintained in a synchronized manner, hence getting an understanding of shrinkage becomes trouble free. In addition, today’s point of sale systems encompasses a wide variety of functions regarding inventory and receiving. In fact, if

Does Religion Cause War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Does Religion Cause War - Essay Example Religion is a sensitive issue because it is a matter of the heart to many people, (Burleigh 111-120). It arouses intense emotions. In many part of the world, religion is incorporated into people’s culture, (Gieling 190-201). If a religion causes war, it must be viewed in terms of what religion means to those who are passionate about it, (Burleigh 111). In other words, religion affects many things about people and becomes part and parcel of the personal life of those people. In that sense, people are bound to defend religion as part of their heritage, culture and essence of existence. Religion has proved to be stronger than life itself, (Gieling 190-201). People are willing to die for religious reasons. The fact is most religions come with a promise of greater and better life than life on earth. This is something that people are strongly attached to, (Burleigh 111-120). The attachment to deity makes life on earth seem to be of little or no significance. According to the religio us, this can seem to justify war to take care of these religious interests. Simply put, people can rise up to fight in the name of religion. Loyalty to a being higher than a human can cause people to go to the extremes, (Pearse 147). This has been proved over time. People feel that the reward they want from the unseen deity is more beneficial than respecting the rights of their fellow brothers and sisters. Sometimes the zeal tends to go overboard. For every act of adversity meted to fellow humans through a conflict of a religious nature, people feel there is a reward for it, (Gieling 190-201). This reward does not have to be physical. Religion and War are not strange bed fellows. In fact, they have gone together for a long time. Some of the reasons why people go to war in the name of religion include; spreading their faith. It has been argued that involving God in a war does not necessarily make it holy. One thing is clear, whether war is being done to spread faith or not, it is bou nd to have casualties. The results are always devastating. It has also been said that people fight with an aim of recovering consecrated places, (Pearse 147). These are places referred to as alters which could be profaned and polluted by a group that does not understand the proper use of such places. Such a belief causes the religious to feel duty bound to act on behalf of their god. In the process of recovery of such places, resistance arises, and that can become a beginning of a chain of wars. This includes war to avenge for acts of killings or past time cruelties which were done with a religious intention. Some Christians, Muslims or other groups feel that they may also want to recover countries that were once controlled by their faith. Many countries especially in Middle East and Asia have gone to the extent of incorporating their religion into their constitutions, (Gieling 190-201). This means that religion became part of the culture of those countries. A violation of faith in such a setting is viewed as blasphemy. In such cases, it becomes hard for people with other religious affiliations to exercise their religious freedom. In a large or small way, religion in such a context becomes a source of conflict. The paradox of religion is that it was meant to instill freedom and peace into a world full of conflict, (Cavanaugh 51-62). However, more often than not, religion tends to bring chaos. We have had long and protracted conflicts in the Middle East, (Burleigh 111-120). All because of religious reasons, we have had militias formed to defend certain religious convictions in remote societies. To a certain extent, there